Chapter 2a – Hebrew Vowels Consonants with Vowels Deuteronomy 6:5 consonantal text with no vowel pointing ואהבת את יהוה אלהיך בכל לבבך וְאָהַבְ ָּת אֵת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ consonantal text with vowel pointing Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2b – Hebrew Vowels Vowel Chart 1 Long Vowels Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration Qamets a as in father å בָּ a-type ∑ Tsere e as in they בֵּ e-type Holem o as in role ø בֹּ o-type Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2c – Hebrew Vowels Vowel Chart 2 Short Vowels Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration Pathach a as in bat a בַּ a-type Seghol e as in better e בֶּ e-type Hireq i as in bitter i בִּ i-type Qamets Hatuf o as in bottle o בָּ o-type Qibbuts u as in ruler u בֻּ u-type Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2d – Hebrew Vowels Vowel Chart 3 Reduced (Hateph) Vowels Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration Hateph Pathach a as in amuse á בֲּ a-type Hateph Seghol a as in amuse é בֱּ e-type Hateph Qamets a as in amuse ó בֳּ o-type Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2e – Hebrew Vowels Summary Vowel Chart: Long, Short, Reduced aeiou בֹּ בֵּ בָּ Long Qamets Tsere Holem בֻּ בָּ בִּ בֶּ בַּ Short Pathach Seghol Hireq Qamets Qibbuts Hatuf בֳּ בֱּ בֲּ Reduced Hateph Hateph Hateph Pathach Seghol Qamets Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2f – Hebrew Vowels Hebrew Vowel Letters 1 Vowel Letters Written with He Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration Qamets He a as in father âh ָבּה a-type Tsere He e as in they êh ֵבּה e-type Seghol He e as in better êh ֶבּה Holem He o as in role ôh ֹבּה o-type ה Vowel letters written with are used only at the end of a word, .(he will build) יִבְנֶה law) and) ָתּוֹרה as in Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2g – Hebrew Vowels Hebrew Vowel Letters 2 Vowel Letters Written with Waw Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration o-type וֹבּ Holem Waw o as in role ô u-type וּבּ Shureq u as in ruler û These vowels are often referred to as unchangeable long vowels because they do not reduce or change. Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2h – Hebrew Vowels Hebrew Vowel Letters 3 Vowel Letters Written with Yod Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration Pathach Yod a as in bat â ָבּי a-type Tsere Yod e as in they ê ֵבּי e-type Seghol Yod e as in better ê ֶבּי Hireq Yod i as in machine ª ִבּי i-type These vowels are often referred to as unchangeable long vowels because they do not reduce or change. Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2i – Hebrew Vowels Summary Vowel Chart: Vowel Letters aeiou ֹבּה בֵּה/ ֶבּה ָבּה ה With Qamets Seghol He/ Holem He Tsere He He בּוּ בּוֹ ו With Holem Shureq Waw ִבּי בֵּי/ ֶבּי ָבּי י With Qamets Seghol Yod/ Hireq Yod Tsere Yod Yod Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2j – Hebrew Vowels Shewa בְּ This symbol is called Shewa. It is not listed in the vowel charts because it is not like any other vowel. It does not belong to any phonetic class. There are two types of Shewa in Hebrew: Silent Shewa and Vocal Shewa. Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2k – Hebrew Vowels Daghesh Forte בּ .above is called Daghesh Forte ב The dot in the It looks exactly like the Daghesh Lene but it is used to double the consonant in which it occurs. For example, the the heavens) has a Daghesh Forte in) הַשָּׁמַיִם Hebrew word the Shin (שּׁ). It is rendered, therefore, as two Shins (שׁשׁ), ha¡¡åmayim. The Daghesh Forte can occur in any .ר and (ע ,ח ,ה ,א) consonant except the gutturals Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2l – Hebrew Vowels ר Guttural Consonants and Four Hebrew letters are called gutturals. They are called gutturals because they are pronounced in the back of the throat. ר and sometimes ע ,ח ,ה ,א Guttural Preferences 1. Gutturals prefer a-class vowels. .cannot take Daghesh Forte ר Gutturals and .2 3. Gutturals cannot take Vocal Shewa, but do take can take ר reduced (Hateph) vowels. The consonant Vocal Shewa. Reduced vowels are always vocal; they are never silent. Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א Chapter 2m – Hebrew Vowels Defective Writing Full Defective Writing Writing Holem Waw to Holem בֹּ ➣ בּוֹ ram’s horn שֹׁפָר ➣ שׁוֹפָר Shureq to Qibbuts בֻּ ➣ בּוּ ?why מַדֻּעַ ➣ מַדּוּעַ Hireq Yod to Hireq בִּ ➣ ִבּי David דָּוִד ➣ דָּוִיד Basics of Biblical Hebrew Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt © א.