Important Grass Subfamilies Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • DNA • Leaf Characters – Pseudopetioles – Fusoid cells – Arm cells – Kranz anatomy – Bulliform cells – Bicellular microhairs Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • DNA • Leaf Characters – Pseudopetioles – Fusoid cells – Arm cells – Kranz anatomy – Bulliform cells – Bicellular microhairs pseudopetioles Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • DNA • Leaf Characters – Pseudopetioles – Fusoid cells – Arm cells – Kranz anatomy – Bulliform cells – Bicellular microhairs Fusoid cells Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • DNA • Leaf Characters – Pseudopetioles – Fusoid cells – Arm cells – Kranz anatomy – Bulliform cells – Bicellular microhairs Fusoid cells Arm cells Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • DNA • Leaf Characters – Pseudopetioles – Fusoid cells – Arm cells – Kranz anatomy – Bulliform cells – Bicellular microhairs Kranz anatomy Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • DNA • Leaf Characters – Pseudopetioles – Fusoid cells – Arm cells – Kranz anatomy – Bulliform cells – Bicellular microhairs Bulliform cells Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • DNA • Leaf Characters – Pseudopetioles – Fusoid cells – Arm cells – Kranz anatomy – Bulliform cells – Bicellular microhairs Bicellular microhairs Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • DNA • Leaf Characters • Floret Characters – Lodicules – Anthers – Stigmas lodicules Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • DNA • Leaf Characters • Floret Characters – Lodicules – Anthers – Stigmas anthers Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • DNA • Leaf Characters • Floret Characters – Lodicules – Anthers – Stigmas stigmas Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • DNA • Leaf Characters • Floret Characters • Embryo Characters epiblast Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • Embryo Characters – Epiblast – Scutellar cleft – Mesocotylinternode – Embryonic leaf margins epiblast Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • Embryo Characters – Epiblast – Scutellar cleft – Mesocotylinternode – Embryonic leaf margins Scutellar Cleft Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • Embryo Characters – Epiblast – Scutellar cleft – Mesocotylinternode – Embryonic leaf margins Mesocotyl internode Characteristics used to classify grass subfamilies • Embryo Characters – Epiblast – Scutellar cleft – Mesocotylinternode – Embryonic leaf margins Grass Subfamilies 1. Anomochlooideae 7. Micraioideae 2. Aristidoideae 8. Oryzoideae 3. Arundinoideae 9. Panicoideae 4. Bambusoideae 10. Pharoideae 5. Chloridoideae 11. Puelioideae 6. Danthonioideae 12. Pooideae “Lower” Subfamilies • Anomochlooideae • Pharoideae • Puelioideae • Bambusoideae –Above are perennial, rhizomatous, pseudopetioles, variable numbers of flower parts –Bamboos – monocarpic, cultural importance Subfamily Oryzoideae • Tribe Oryzeae – Zizania – Oryza – Leersia oryzoides Pooideae • “cool season” grasses • largest group (>4000 species) – Tribe Stipeae • Achnatherum, Hesperostipa, Nassella, Oryzopsis – Tribe Poeae • Agrostis, Alopecurus, Avena, Calamagrostis, Dactylis, Festuca, Koeleria, Lolium, Phalaris, Phleum, Poa, Puccinellia, Schedonorus, Vulpia – Tribe Bromeae • Bromus – Tribe Triticeae • Agropyron, Elymus, Hordeum, Leymus, Pascopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Secale, Thinopyrum, Triticum Subfamily Aristoideae • Tribe Aristideae – Aristida Subfamily Panicoideae • Tribe Paniceae – Cenchrus, Dichanthelium, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Panicum, Setaria • Tribe Andropogoneae – Andropogon, Miscanthus, Schizachyrium, Sorghum, Zea • Economic importance of Saccharum, Sorghum, Zea Subfamily Arundinoideae • Phragmites Subfamily Danthonioideae • Danthonia Subfamily Chloridoideae • Tribe Eragrostideae – Eragrostis • Tribe Zoysieae – Calamovilfa, Spartina, Sporobolus • Tribe Cynodonteae – Bouteloua, Chloris, Distichlis, Muhlenbergia emb lf pseudopet fusoid arm Kranz bulliform bicell micro lodicule anther stigmas embryo epiblast scutel cleft meso interno marg Bambusoideae Y Y Y N N Y 3 various 1-4 small Y Y N overlap Oryzoideae Y/N Y/N Y/N N Y Y 2 3-6 2 small Y Y N overlap Pooideae N N N N Y N 2 3 2 small Y N N overlap Aristidoideae N N N Y/N Y Y 2 1-3 2 s or l N Y/N Y meet Panicoideae Y/N N N Y/N Y Y 2 1-3 2 large N Y Y overlap Arundinoideae N N Y/N N Y Y 2 2-3 2 large N Y Y meet Danthonioideae N N N N Y/N Y 2 3 2 s or l N Y Y mt/ovr Chloridoideae N N N Y Y Y 2, 0 1-3 2 large Y Y Y meet.