MINERALS OF INDIANA by RICHARD C. ERD AND SEYMOUR S. GREENBERG Indiana Department of Conservation GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Bulletin No. 18 1960 STATE OF INDIANA HAROLD W. HANDLEY, GOVERNOR DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION E. KENNETH MARLIN, DIRECTOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY JOHN B. PATTON, STATE GEOLOGIST BLOOMINGTON __________________________________________________________________________________ BULLETIN NO. 18 __________________________________________________________________________________ MINERALS OF INDIANA BY RICHARD C. ERD AND SEYMOUR S. GREENBERG PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF INDIANA BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA September 1060 __________________________________________________________________________________ For sale by Geological Survey, Indiana Department of Conservation, Bloomington, Ind. Price 75 cents 2 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY JOHN B. PATTON, State Geologist MAURICE E. BIGGS, Assistant State Geologist MARY BETH FOX, Mineral Statistician Coal Section Charles E. Wier, Geologist and Head G. K. Guennel, Paleobotanist S. A. Friedman, Geologist Harold C. Hutchison, Geologist Richard C. Neavel, Coal Petrographer Drafting and Photography Section William H. Moran, Chief Draftsman Robert E. Judah, Geological Artist-Draftsman Micky P. Love, Geological Draftsman John E. Peace, Senior Geological Draftsman George R. Ringer, Photographer Educational Services R. Dee Rarick, Geologist and Head Geochemistry Section R. K. Leininger, Spectrographer and Head Maynard E. Coller, Chemist Louis V. Miller, Coal Chemist E. M. Craig, Geochemical Assistant Geology Section Robert H. Shaver, Paleontologist and Head Henry H. Gray, Head Stratigrapher William J. Wayne, Head Glacial Geologist Allan F. Schneider, Glacial Geologist Geophysics Section Maurice E. Biggs, Geophysicist and Head Robert F. Blakely, Geophysicist Charles S. Miller, Instrument Maker Albert J. Rudman, Geophysicist Joseph F. Whaley, Geophysicist Glen L. Workman, Driller Jerry B. Fox, Assistant Driller Arthur Wayne Aynes, Geophysical Assistant 3 Industrial Minerals Section Duncan J. McGregor, Geologist and Head Gary R. Gates, Geologist Seymour S. Greenberg, Petrographer Jack L. Harrison, Clay Mineralogist Ned M. Smith, Geologist Jack A. Sunderman, Geologist Petroleum Section T. A. Dawson, Geologist and Head G. L. Carpenter, Geologist Andrew J. Hreha, Geologist Stanley Keller, Geologist Arthur P. Pinsak, Geologist Howard Smith, Geologist Dan M. Sullivan, Geologist George Abbott, Geological Assistant James Cazee, Geological Assistant Phillip W. Cazee, Geological Assistant John R. Helms, Geological Assistant Publications Section Gerald S. Woodard, Editor and Head Lewis W. Nellinger, Sales and Record Clerk This page intentionally blank 5 CONTENTS Page Abstract ..............................................................................................................................7 Introduction .......................................................................................................................7 Purpose and scope ......................................................................................................7 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................9 History ...............................................................................................................................9 Geologic setting .............................................................................................................. 10 Occurrence and distribution ............................................................................................. 13 Description of individual minerals ................................................................................. 14 Allophane ................................................................................................................. 14 Anhydrite ................................................................................................................. 15 Apatite ...................................................................................................................... 15 Aragonite ................................................................................................................. 16 Asphalt ..................................................................................................................... 17 Barite ........................................................................................................................ 18 Calcite ...................................................................................................................... 20 Celestite ................................................................................................................... 22 Chalcopyrite ............................................................................................................. 23 Coplapite .................................................................................................................. 23 Copper ...................................................................................................................... 24 Diamond ................................................................................................................... 24 Dolomite ................................................................................................................... 26 Epsomite ................................................................................................................... 27 Fluorite ..................................................................................................................... 28 Galena ....................................................................................................................... 29 Glauconite ................................................................................................................ 31 Goethite .................................................................................................................... 32 Gold .......................................................................................................................... 32 Gypsum .................................................................................................................... 35 Halloysite .................................................................................................................. 36 Hematite .................................................................................................................... 38 Hydromagnesite ........................................................................................................ 38 Limonite ................................................................................................................... 39 Marcasite .................................................................................................................. 40 Melanterite ................................................................................................................. 41 Millerite .................................................................................................................... 42 Nitrocalcite ................................................................................................................ 43 Opal ........................................................................................................................... 44 Potash alum .............................................................................................................. 44 Pyrite ......................................................................................................................... 46 6 CONTENTS Page Pyrrhotite .................................................................................................................. 46 Quartz ....................................................................................................................... 47 Siderite ...................................................................................................................... 48 Silver ......................................................................................................................... 49 Smythite .................................................................................................................... 49 Sphalerite .................................................................................................................. 50 Strontianite ................................................................................................................ 51 Sulfur ........................................................................................................................ 52 Wad ........................................................................................................................... 52 Doubtful and discredited mineral occurrences ................................................................53 List of selected localities with page references ............................................................... 53 Literature cited ................................................................................................................. 65 Index of minerals and mineraloids mentioned in this report .......................................... 73 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Map of Indiana showing counties .....................................................................8 2. Generalized geologic map of Indiana ...............................................................11