Int. J. Agr. Ext. (2021). 127-139 | Special Issue DOI: 10.33687/ijae.009.00.3728 Available Online at EScience Press Journals International Journal of Agricultural Extension ISSN: 2311-6110 (Online), 2311-8547 (Print) http://www.esciencepress.net/IJAE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES (LEGAL ASPECTS) Galyna V. Moroz*, Olga A. Grytsan, Oleh A. Vivcharenko, Nadiia R. Kobetska Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History The problem of the impact of economic development of the world on the state of the Received: April 21, 2021 environment is quite relevant today. Entrepreneurs usually defend their private Revised: July 1, 2021 interests and try to increase profits in every possible way, without caring about the Accepted: July 30, 2021 state of the environment and the future. If in the economically developed countries of the world the government is trying hard to control compliance with Keywords environmental legislation and implement a green economy, Ukraine is hopelessly Private interests behind, and only in recent years is beginning to actively think about preserving the Public interests environment and develop mechanisms to achieve this goal. It is important to explore Green economy how the legal aspect can help address the balance between Ukraine's economic Legal aspect of nature development and environmental quality, especially in terms of its impact on climate management change, where air pollution, waste generation and energy security are key factors. Environmental protection The purpose of the study was to investigate the legal aspect of the interrelation between economic growth and environmental pressures. As a result, the world experience in finding ways of mutually beneficial activities for the economic development of countries and the preservation of the environment was analysed. The study examined the factors influencing climate change, waste generation and energy security in the projection of economic development. The main principles (strategy) of the state ecological policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030 are analysed; regulations of Ukraine and the European Union, which regulate the preservation of the environment in terms of the legal effect on solving the problem of the interrelation between economic growth and pressure on the environment. Corresponding Author: Galyna V. Moroz Email: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2021. INTRODUCTION (Khvesyk and Stepanenko., 2014): All environmental problems of the European Union and • the inherited structure of the economy with the developed countries are also present in Ukraine. The predominant share of resource- and energy- difference is that abroad these issues are handled at the intensive industries, the negative impact of which highest state level, and in Ukraine it is very often only at intensified with the transition to market conditions; the level of volunteering and public organisations. The • depreciation of fixed assets of industrial and existing Ukrainian legislation is often simply not transport infrastructure; complied with, as it is not beneficial primarily for the • the existing system of public administration in the private interests of the economic elite. The root causes of field of environmental protection and regulation of environmental problems in Ukraine are as follows the use of natural resources; 127 Agriculture of the CIS Countries as an Essential Element of their Economic Development Int. J. Agr. Ext. (2021). 127-139 | Special Issue DOI: 10.33687/ijae.009.00.3728 • lack of clear delineation of environmental and LITERATURE REVIEW economic functions; The analysis of national research on the subject • underdevelopment of civil society institutions; Ukraine is a country where economic growth leads to • insufficient understanding of the priorities of rapid environmental pollution. Accordingly, there are environmental protection and the benefits of problems of interaction of environmental and economic, sustainable development in society; as well as private and public interests. Therefore, the • non-compliance with current environmental development and adoption of mechanisms that would legislation. promote the development of the economy with an effective focus on environmental protection is an urgent One of the main causes of pollution is the constant issue. Scientific article (Danylyshyn and Veklych, 2008) conflict of interests between the economic and explores the concept of the process of decoupling as an environmental components of development. Economic economic phenomenon that demonstrates the potential development of Ukraine, as well as in foreign countries, of a particular economy to increase economic power leads to many dangerous consequences, such as air without harming the environment. Based on the analysis pollution, climate change, greenhouse effect, ozone of decoupling indicators in Ukraine and its regions, the depletion, pollution of water and soil environment, the authors of Sotnyk and Kulyk. (2014) conclude that generation of household, industrial, and radioactive Ukraine's economy is unbalanced in terms of waste. At the same time, without significant investments environmental protection. Ukraine's economic growth is in the greening of production processes, it is impossible increasing with the anthropogenic pressure on the to ensure the preservation of the environment. These environment and the use of an increasing amount of entrepreneurs must allocate these funds from their natural resources. The authors developed profits, which is not in their interests. Thus, there is a recommendations for Ukraine and its regions to achieve constant conflict of interest. The only effective aspect of the effect of decoupling as a strategic basis for moving resolving this issue is the development and towards an environmentally sustainable economy implementation of effective mechanisms of legislative through significant changes in Ukrainian public policy, and legal direction, which would clearly regulate the the pace of scientific and technological progress and rules of action, as well as the introduction of an effective structural changes in the economy. branch of executive power that would monitor their An important aspect in the development of the balance compliance. between economic growth and environmental To address the above issues, Ukraine and the world are protection is the consideration of the legal component in developing "Action Plans", among which a special place research. The work Moroz (2019a) argues the need for is occupied by Environmental Development Strategies at new forms of protection of the rights and interests of a the state and interstate levels, which essentially considerable number of people. In the context of the constitute the environmental policy of the countries specifics of environmental disputes, this is extremely involved. In this aspect, Ukraine has adopted the Law of necessary. The institution of a class action should Ukraine "On the Fundamental Principles (Strategy) of become an important legal mechanism to prevent State Environmental Policy of Ukraine until 2030", violations in the field of protection of the rights and which came into force on January 1, 2020 (The Law of interests of participants in environmental legal relations. Ukraine, 2019a). Together with other laws and The article Moroz (2019b) substantiates the objective regulations, this document should help reduce the necessity of unconditional compliance with legally anthropogenic burden on the environment. It is established environmental requirements, prohibitions necessary to investigate how the legal aspect can and restrictions, and their scientifically substantiated contribute to solving the problem of balance between strengthening to achieve ecologically important goals economic development of Ukraine and preservation of focused on the priorities of sustainable development. environmental quality, especially in the context of Restrictive mechanisms are scattered across regulations climate change, where air pollution, waste generation, of different legal force and even different legal branches; and energy security play a major role. therefore, to ensure a holistic system of environmental restrictions, the said restrictive mechanisms should be 128 Agriculture of the CIS Countries as an Essential Element of their Economic Development Int. J. Agr. Ext. (2021). 127-139 | Special Issue DOI: 10.33687/ijae.009.00.3728 systematised and unified, while practical experience in this field and identify the main areas of implementation experience should be generalised. environmental development in the decentralisation According to the author, the conceptual principles and process. The existing issues of environmental protection general essential features of public environmental and environmental policy in Ukraine are considered, requirements and restrictions should be reflected in the researchers suggest taking into account the future Environmental Code of Ukraine. The article Moroz environmental component of sustainable development (2020) offers a conceptual understanding of the in the further reform of government by introducing a mechanism of institutionalisation of interests in mechanism for effective solution of environmental environmental law as a multifaceted long process of problems by local communities. In the scientific article development of such ecological and social order (state) (Senyshyn and Senyshyn., 2017), the authors investigate in the form