Index – German and Nordic personal names and geographical names may include letters not used in English that are entered alphabetically in the Index according to the following phonetic rules: Å, å = AA, aa; Ä, ä, Æ, æ = AE, ae; ü = y; Ø, ø, Ö, ö = OE, oe; ǫ = oe; ð = D, d; Þ, þ = Th, th. – Medieval and classical persons are entered according to Christian name, except in a few cases of persons who are normally or systematically known by surnames; modern persons are entered according to surname. – In order to make titles of annals and chronicles and similar types of sources more immediately and generally comprehensible, they have been translated into English in the text and are entered according to the English translation in the Index. – S.K. Cohn, Jr claims to have identified historical plague as an unknown disease which he does not name, it is therefore entered under Cohn’s disease. – For medical and epidemiological terms see also Glossary. – P = Parish, H = Hundred, C = County. – Since feudal possession of land did (for all practical purposes) not occur in Norway, all land was allodial, privately owned by persons or institutions. Although many peasants were tenants, much peasant land was owned wholly or partly by those operating it or, as is implied then, partly rented it, and in effect peasants often were partly freeholders, partly tenants. The term farm- stead is here used as a generic term to denote tenancies or free holdings or various partial com- binations. Åbo/Turku, 436 Akershus castle, by medieval Oslo, 191, 295, 321, Absalon Pederssøn Beyer, Norwegian 431 humanist, 211, 433, 434 Åkre, farmstead, Ullensvang H, 138 Ackerknecht E.H., 79, 454 Alemanni (Germanic people), 87 aDNA, ancient DNA, 16, 20, 73, 74, 74, Alexandria, 59, 67, 110, 137, 225, 227 79, 80, 82, 88, 88, 90, 91, 92, 328, Alps, Alpine, 317 328, 329, 331, 332, 334, See also Alps, Tyrolese, 112 Paleobiology Alsace and Lorraine, 87 Advisory Committee, 596, 597, 614, 615 Alternative epidemiological theories of plague in Africa, 20, 27, 67, 84, 85, 136, 224, 309, the past, XVI, XXV, 3, 17, 45, 453, 476, 492, 310 593, 594, 616 North, 25, 28, 64, 67, 68, 73, 77, 85, Alternative microbiological theories of plague in the 137, 223, 224, 225, 362, 477, past, XVI, 16, 45, 79, 307, 381, 452, 454, 456, 557, 651 464, 468, 470, 475, 476, 593, 594 West, 310, 324, 325, 455 Alvald Sveinkesson, Mæl P, Tinn H, Telemark C., Agder, 132, 139, 140, 150, 151, 193, 208, 133, 168 212, 213 Amercements/bøter, 247, See also Registers of Agdesiden, 112, 150, 151, 189, 193, 195, amercements 566 America(ns) (USA), 8, 10, 14, 59, 376, 458, 525, 532, Agdesiden, historical district (Norway), 539, 555, 556, 558, 560, 561, 562, 605, 629, 150, 188 630, 631, 639, 641, 645, 647, 654, 657, 664 Agricultural system, medieval Norway, 176, Åmot H, Hedmark C, 111 234 Amund Torgardsson, 164 Ahlén I., Swedish zoologist, 441 Ångermanland, historical province, Västnorrland C Aker H and P, by medieval Oslo, 121, 300 (Sweden), 439, 441 Akershus C (Norway), 300 Anglo-Saxon, 421 Index 695 Annals, 189, 265, 271, 273, 285, See also Ayyadurai S., 613 Chronicles; Icelandic annals Bacot A., 508, 512, 524, 525, 529, 609, 628 Anne Rud, noblewoman, ~ Henrik Bærum, H, by Oslo, Akershus C, 164, 191, 431 Krummedike, daughter Sofie, 145 Baghdad, Iraq, 227 Antarctica, 54, 399, 403 Båhuslen, C, medieval Norway, 153, 193 Anthrax, Bacillus Antracis, 324, See also Bailiff/fogd, 166, 428 Alternative microbiological theories Balfour A., 506, 507 Antigens, specific proteins in bacterial Baltazard M., 4, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 363, 553, capsules, 74 554, 555, 593, 595, 598, 599, 600, 601,602, F1 antigen, Yersinia pestis, 16, 20, 47, 603, 604,605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 633, 658 73, 74, 75, 79, 82, 92, 328, 329, Baltic Sea, 12, 44, 112, 114, 116, 170, 216, 217, 280, 331, 483 284, 288, 289, 290, 291, 318, 323, 427, 452, Ånund Helgesson, Mæl P, Tinn H, Telemark 453, 485, 574, 576, 577 C., 133, 168 Barletta, (Italy), 82 Arbrå, village, region of Hälsingland, 439 Bavaria(ns), 83, 87, 88, 225, 483 Arctic regions, 54 Beddingham, Roman villa, Sussex C, 420 Aristotle, 375, 545, 602 Belgium, southern part of the historical Arles, 87, 111 Netherlands, 114, 121, 225, 420 Arne (Vade) Einarsson, archbishop of Benedictow O.J., 9, 35, 197, 206, 210, 212, 238, 256, Nidaros 1346-1349, 139, 148, 149 257, 258, 266, 353, 384, 401, 464, 476, 477, Arne Ketilsson, canon, Oslo cathedral, 121 558, 562, 601 Arngjerd, Thorstein on Lunde’s widow, 124 Berg, farmstead, Øvre Eiker H, 124 Arnulf Steinarsson, canon, Oslo cathedral, Bergen op Zoom (Netherlands), 484 122 Bergen, Bay of harbour, 136, 145, 147, 224, 576 Ås P and H, Akerhus C, 299, 300 Bergen, diocese and cathedral city (Norway), 12, Åsa Berdorsdatter, See brothers Gudmund, 116, 118, 130, 132, 135, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, Thorstein, Eirik 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 147, 150, 151, 169, 172, Aschheim (Bavaria), 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 199, 202, 116, 118, 395, 552 203, 204, 209, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 218, Asgaut Jokjellsson, peasant on Avløs, 164 219, 222, 224, 226, 230, 232, 234, 259, 260, Asia Minor (Turkey), 64, 67, 84 265, 272, 277, 278, 281, 283, 284, 285, 286, Asker, district (Norway), 117 291, 296, 300, 301, 321, 322, 332, 400, 430, Atlantic Ocean, 113, 137, 223, 570 433, 434, 435, 475, 484, 529, 573, 574, 579, Aubagne, 81 580, 581, 582, 583, 584 Audoin-Rouzeau F., 3, 364, 418, 419, 429, Bergen, Hanseatic Wharf (Tyskebryggen), 144 459, 499, 554, 594, 601, 608 Bergen-Florida, area in modern Bergen, 582 Audun Thorstensson, 133 Bergen-Fredriksberg, area in modern Bergen, 582 Augsburg, 484 Bergenhus castle, Bergen (Norway), 113, 145 Augst, See Augusta Raurica Bern, 420 Augusta Raurica (Roman precursor of Bernström J., Swedish historian of zoology, 435, Augst, Switzerland), 420 436 Australia(ns), 14, 88, 351, 413 Berre L’Etang, 81 Austria(n)(s), 68, 86, 87, 420 Bézier, 111 Auvergne, 87 Bianucci R., 76, 79, 91, 329, 330 Avignon, papal city, Provence, 68, 86, 87, Bibikova V.A. and Klassovskiy L.N., 24, 356, 369, 420 378, 529, 539, 540, 541, 542, 545, 546, 547, Avløs, farmstead, Østre Bærum [Haslum] P, 608, 610, 637 Bærum H, 164 Biological transmission of plague, 378, 499, 534, Aylesbury P, Buckinghamshire C, See 535, 544, 611, 630, See also Blockage Walton Biovars and strains, See Genetic aspects 696 Index Biraben J.-N., 4, 61, 62, 66, 67, 68, 85, 316, 111, 327, 333, 334, 335, 371, 372, 373, 374, 463, 595 375, 376, 377, 378, 445, 460, 461, 477, 479, Birka, Viking town on I. in L. Mälaren, 426, 500, 501, 502, 524, 526, 527, 528, 529, 534, 427 535, 544, 545, 546, 547, 549, 550, 552, 553, Bishop Eystein’s Cadaster, Oslo Diocese, 562, 563, 565, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 618, 119, 121 626, 627, 629, 630, 638, 639, 643, 646, 649, Bjarne, priest (Bergen), 139 651, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 664 Bjørkvik H., Norwegian historian, 185, 186, Blockmans W.P., Belgian historian, 48 187, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, Boccaccio G., Italian author (1313-1375), 227 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 261, 264, Bøhm T., Norwegian historian, 161 265, 266 Bombay, 552, 597, 614, See Mumbai Black Death (1346-1353), See also Plague Bondy,village near Paris, 91 Area of origin, 35, 85, 576 Bordeaux, 110, 111, 113, 137, 225 Arrival and spread in England, 384, Bos K.I., 484 616 Bourges, town (France) 87 Arrivals in (contemporary territory of) Bradley L., 344, 345, 349 Denmark, 12, 127, 290 Bremen, Hanseatic city, 114, 116, 151 Arrivals in (contemporary territory of) Bristol, 115, 350, 573, 580 Norway, 100, 113, 134, 146, 150, British Is., 14, 110, 404, 415, 420, 421, 453, 457, 175, 183, 187, 208, 255 459, 469, 470, 507, 523, 570, 571, 573, 579, Arrivals in (contemporary territory of) 580 Sweden, 12, 289 Brønnøy(a) (several islands on the coasts of Countermeasures, XXIV, 66, 68, 122, Norway), 117 173, 174, 197, 347, 442, 468, Brough of Birsay I. (north-west of The Mainland of) 469, 470, 569, Orkney Is., 404, 421 Mixed epidemics, 562, 567, 569 Bruges, 44, 55 Mortality, 153, 223, 234, 250, 322, Brygoo E.-R., 356, 553, 599, 608 380 Buckinghamshire C, 420 Seasonality, 19, 92, 234, 257, 318, Burgundy, region (France), 87 319, 320, 341, 443, 477 Burroughs A.L., 374, 376, 377, 527, 528, 529, 535, Spread rates, 5, 40, 45, 108, 110, 192, 536, 537, 539, 541, 544, 545, 550, 628, 629, 193, 208, 209, 308, 311, 317 657, 659, 660 Time of the Black Death, 38, 42, 128, Buskerud C (Norway), 133, 156, 163 129, 130, 131, 136, 141, 143, 169, Busvine J.R., 512, 522, 662 173, 189, 197, 199, 207, 261, Butler T., XIX, 10, 356, 462, 476, 480, 561, 564, 565, 263, 266, 267, 271, 272, 273, 613, 631, 650, 657 274, 275, 276, 282, 287, 290, Bygdøy, in Vestre Bærum H and P (at the time), 332, 358, Norway, 100, 191, 431 Black Sea, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 44, 59, 64, Cadaster, 121 69, 110 Calcutta, See Kolkata Blanc G., 2, 4, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, California, 405, 407, 530, 542, 543, 606, 649, 662 362, 363, 553, 554, 555, 593, 595, Cambridge Group for the History of Population and 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, Social Structure, 236 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 633, 657, Canons House, Oslo, 119 658, 659 Canterbury, diocese, archcathedral city (England), 114 Blekinge, Danish region→1658, Swedish Cantey J.R., 561, 644 1658→, 453 Canton, 469 Block M.G., Swedish physician, 475 Cape Horn (Iceland), 581, 583 Blockage, mode of transmission of plague Carcassone, town (France) 111, 113 by fleas, XV, 25, 26, 28, 101, 102, 103, Caribbean Is., 405, 407 Index 697 Carus-Wilson E.M., 573, 579 Copenhagen (Denmark), 118, 330, 350, 452, 453, Case mortality, XXIII, 167, 168, 227, 228, 465, 474, 481, 523 229, 327, 351, 352, 377, 500, 611 Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge, Caspian Sea, 36, 37, 57, 58, 84, 85, 226 258 Cassis, town, Provence, 81 Couvent des Capucins, plague pit in Martigues, See Catalonia, region (Spain), 152, 153 also Le Delos Cemetery populations, 247 Creighton C., 452, 453, 570 Ceylon, See Sri Lanka Crimea (The), 4, 38, 40, 55, 56, 57, 85, 110, 225, Chalon-sur-Saône, town (France) 87 227, 257, 324 Chandler A.C.