U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons EMC Chair Symposia Events 3-2016 EMC Chair Symposium - Maritime Strategy - Working Papers The U.S. Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/emcchair-symposia Recommended Citation War College, The U.S. Naval, "EMC Chair Symposium - Maritime Strategy - Working Papers" (2016). EMC Chair Symposia. 1. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/emcchair-symposia/1 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Events at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in EMC Chair Symposia by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome from the EMC Chair Dr. Derek S. Reveron, EMC Informationist Chair, U.S. Naval War College ........................................... 1 Keynote Address Admiral Bill Halsey and the Unanticipated Strategy: The South Pacific in World War II ...................... 3 Dr. Thomas Hughes, School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Panel 1: International Perspectives on Maritime Strategy A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower, An Indian Perspective ............................................ 5 ADM Nirma Verma, IN (Ret.), U.S. Naval War College Western Hemisphere Perspective on Maritime Strategy .......................................................................... 7 ADM Guillermo E. Barrera Hurtado, ARC (Ret.), U.S. Naval War College Avoiding the Dragon's Breath and the Bear's Claws ............................................................................... 9 RAdm Christopher Parry, CBE, University of Reading Risks, Rhetoric and Reality: United States Maritime Strategy 2015 and Beyond .................................... 11 CDRE Lee Cordner, RAN (Ret.), The University of Adelaide Panel 2: Reflections on Maritime Strategy Reflections on the 2007 Maritime Strategy and the Future of Maritime Thinking in the U.S. Navy ........ 13 CAPT Peter D. Haynes, USN, U.S. Special Operations Command Developing Maritime Strategy ................................................................................................................. 15 Mr. Bryan McGrath, The FerryBridge Group A Fleet Perspective on the Maritime Strategy .......................................................................................... 17 CDR Andrea H. Cameron, USN, U.S. Naval War College Reflections on U.S. Naval Strategy before 2007 ....................................................................................... 19 Mr. Peter M. Swartz, CNA Panel 3: Navy Force Development Tailoring a Naval Force Structure to the Emerging Future Security Environment .................................. 21 Dr. Henry Hendrix II, Center for a New American Security Five Costs of Military Innovation ............................................................................................................. 23 Ms. Lena S. Andrews, PhD candidate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Impacts of the Robotics Age on Naval Force Structure Planning ............................................................ 26 Prof. Jeffrey E. Kline, Naval Postgraduate School Rethinking the Navy’s Strategic Presumptions and Planning Procedures ............................................... 28 Mr. Paul S. Giarra, Global Strategies & Transformation Panel 4: New Perspectives on Maritime Strategy The Suitability of Grand Strategy for Today............................................................................................. 31 Dr. Lukas Milevski, Changing Character of War Programme, University of Oxford Computational Approaches to Strategic Reasoning: Maritime Strategy and Beyond ............................. 33 Mr. Adam Elkus, PhD student, George Mason University, Continuing Control: Strategic Reasoning for the 21st Century ............................................................... 35 Mr. Nicholas C. Prime, PhD candidate, King's College London Panel 5: Maritime Warfare “Virtual Attrition” and Victory in Maritime Warfare ............................................................................... 39 Mr. Bryan Clark, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Commanding Tomorrow's Contested Zone: Operationalizing CS21 in the Littorals ............................... 41 Dr. Francis G. Hoffman, National Defense University Future Maritime Forces: Unmanned, Autonomous, and Lethal ............................................................... 48 Dr. William F. Bundy, U.S. Naval War College The Prism of Classical Naval Strategy: Another Perspective on JAM-GC and 21st Century Operational Concepts ........................................................................................................................ 50 CDR Benjamin “BJ” Armstrong, USN, PhD candidate, King's College London Panel 6: Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Advancing the U.S. Sea Services’ Capacity to Respond to Urban Humanitarian Disasters and Complex Emergencies ........................................................................................................................ 52 Dr. Michael D. Lappi, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative The Urban Dilemma in Civil-Military Humanitarian Coordination ........................................................ 54 Dr. Ronak B. Patel, Stanford University School of Medicine Strategic Surprise and Climate Change Support Strategies .................................................................... 56 Dr. Joseph DiRenzo III, U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center Improving Civil-Military Coordination and Protecting Aid Workers ....................................................... 59 Ms. Julia Brooks, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative WELCOME FROM THE EMC CHAIR Dr. Derek S. Reveron EMC Informationist Chair, U.S. Naval War College This third maritime-centric EMC Chair Symposium is a follow-up to the release of the 2015 “Cooperative Strategy for 21st century Seapower.” The symposium will explore maritime strategy, concepts essential to implement the maritime strategy, and international reactions to it. Participants from DOD, academia, and the policy community will convene in Newport to discuss force development, maritime warfare, role of technology, and humanitarian assistance. The implications are important for understanding the types of missions combatant commanders will execute and the types of equipment and training the sea services must provide to support these missions. This symposium in part fulfills the mission of the EMC Chair to support the Navy’s efforts to develop thinking about maritime security. Additional materials can be found at www.usnwc.edu/derekreveron. In an effort to share expertise with the Fleet and national security community beyond this event, the succeeding pages contain the working papers participants prepared in advance of the symposium. The six panels are: Panel 1: International Perspectives on Maritime Strategy The 2007 maritime strategy and its 2015 update stress the importance of partnering with navies around the world to provide maritime security. The 2015 revision of the Cooperative Strategy devotes an entire section to international partnerships because, “By expanding our network of allies and partners and improving our ability to operate alongside them, naval forces: foster the secure environment essential to an open economic system based on the free flow of goods, protect U.S. natural resources, promote stability, deter conflict, and respond to aggression.” The panel investigates this strategic approach to global maritime security, and discusses the effectiveness and limitations of the strategy. By bringing together international officers to reflect on the strategy and global role of the U.S. Navy, panelists will consider the challenges and opportunities for an internationalist maritime strategy. Panel 2: Reflections on Maritime Strategy The panel will review how the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard refreshed the 2007 Cooperative Strategy to keep pace with changing times. Panelists will explain the advantages and drawbacks to how the sea services make strategy, draw lessons from the making of the 2007 maritime strategy, and furnish insight into how the services can execute the 2015 strategy in contested surroundings in Eurasia. The panel will shed light on how the U.S. Navy in particular can revise organizational arrangements to put strategy in charge of programming and budgeting--and thus reconnect maritime strategy to larger national purposes. Panel 3: Navy Force Development The 2015 maritime strategy calls for the Navy to possess a wide ranging set of capabilities including: all domain access, deterrence, sea control and power projection, and maritime security. Along with these capabilities, the updated strategy brings forward several concepts, which if implemented successfully, will enable the Navy to leverage partnerships with other services and countries, better prepare its people to implement the strategy in the future, and develop needed capabilities in the “electromagnetic-cyber” environment. This panel will offer perspectives on what force structure elements will be needed to achieve these objectives taking into account the growing threats around the world combined with budget realities. Panel 4: New Perspectives on Maritime Strategy This panel will offer perspectives from young scholars to illustrate how strategic theory interacts with the 21st century’s challenges. Serving as a bridge between today’s