Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 36188 November 2008 NEPAL: Preparing the Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project (Financed by the: Japan Special Fund and the Netherlands Trust Fund for the Water Financing Partnership Facility) Prepared by: Padeco Co. Ltd. in association with Metcon Consultants, Nepal Tokyo, Japan For Department of Urban Development and Building Construction This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. TA 7182-NEP PREPARING THE SECONDARY TOWNS INTEGRATED URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT V o l u m e 18: BIRGUNJ INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT in association with Environmental Assessment Document Draft Initial Environmental Examination Document Stage: Draft for Consultation Project Number: 36188 March 2010 Volume 18 Nepal: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project – Birgunj Subproject Prepared by Department of Urban Development and Building Construction, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Government of Nepal The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AP – affected persons BPL – below poverty level CBO – Community Based Organizations CDC – Compensation Determination Committee CDO – Chief District Officer CFC – Compensation Fixation Committee CPR – Community Property Resource DDC – District Development Committee DOR – Department of Roads DSC – Design and Supervision Consultants DUDBC – Department of Urban Development and Building Construction EA – Executing Agency GON – Government of Nepal GRC – Grievance Redress Committee HA – Hectares H&S – Health and Safety HH – Households IA – Implementing Agency IP – Indigenous People IR – Involuntary Resettlement LA – Land Acquisition LA Act – Land Acquisition Act MoPPW – Ministry of Physical Planning and Works NGO – Non-Government Organizations NRs – Nepalese Rupees O&M - Operations and Maintenance PCO – Project Coordination Office PD – Project Director PH – Physically Handicapped PIU – Project Implementation Unit PLI – Poverty Level Income PM – Project Manager PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PSA – Poverty and Social Assessment RP – Resettlement Plan R&R – Resettlement and Rehabilitation TA – Technical Assistance ToR – Terms of Reference VDC – Village Development Committee WHH – Women Headed Households 2 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES d - day ha - hectare km - kilometer KV - kilovolts l/pppd - liters per person per day m - meter mg/L - milligrams per liter pH - acidity/alkalinity ppm - parts per million s - second sq. m - square meter sq. km - square kilometer t - ton yr - year CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 01 March 2010) Currency Unit – <???> NRs 1.00 = <???> $1.00 = <???> NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US Dollars. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................6 A. Purpose of the Report....................................................................................................6 B. Extent of the IEE Study..................................................................................................6 C. Key Policies Affecting the Project ..................................................................................8 1. ADB Policy ....................................................................................................................8 2. Government of Nepal Environmental Policy ...................................................................9 3. Multilateral Environmental Requirements.....................................................................11 II. Description of the Subproject .............................................................................................12 A. Project Proponent ........................................................................................................12 B. Subproject Components ..............................................................................................12 C. Environmental Categorization ......................................................................................22 D. Estimated Cost ............................................................................................................22 III. Description of Existing Environment ................................................................................23 A. Physical, Biological and Socio-economic Conditions ...................................................23 1. Geophysical .................................................................................................................23 2. Ecological profile .........................................................................................................24 3. Social and economic development ..............................................................................24 4. Quality of life values ....................................................................................................27 B. Environmental Issues ..................................................................................................27 1. Industrial effluent .........................................................................................................27 2. Inundation, drainage and river flooding ........................................................................28 3. Air pollution ..................................................................................................................28 4. Solid Waste Management ............................................................................................29 5. Water Quality ...............................................................................................................29 IV. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ..........................................30 A. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures .........................................................30 B. Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures ........................................................72 V. Analysis of Alternatives ......................................................................................................73 A. Project Sites ................................................................................................................73 B. Project Design, Technology Selection and Operation ..................................................74 C. No Project Options ......................................................................................................74 VI. Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation...................................................74 VII. Grievance Redress Mechanism ......................................................................................76 A. Mitigation .....................................................................................................................80 B. Monitoring.................................................................................................................. 104 1. Compliance Monitoring .............................................................................................. 105 2. Impact/Effects Monitoring .......................................................................................... 106 C. Implementation Arrangement..................................................................................... 111 1. Institutional Arrangement ........................................................................................... 111 2. Responsibilities for Mitigation and Monitoring ............................................................ 112 3. Skills Needs and Institutional Strengthening .............................................................. 113 4. Cost Estimates .......................................................................................................... 114 5. Reporting and Review ............................................................................................... 115 6. Feedback and Adjustment ......................................................................................... 115 IX. Findings and Recommendations ................................................................................... 116 X. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 117 A. Results of ADB Environmental Assessment .............................................................. 117 B. Nepali Environmental Clearance ............................................................................... 117 4 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Projects Requiring IEE or EIA per Nepal Environment Protection Regulations of 1997 .................................................................................................................................................10 Table 2: Summary of Components and Subcomponents ..........................................................13 Table 3: PM10, TSP, SO2, NO2, CO, and Pb Measurements ......................................................28