3285 ASR 1/7/08 10:32 AM Page 1 A Washington, DC 20005-4701 Washington, Suite 700 NW, Avenue York 1307 New (ISSN 0003-1224) American Sociological Review MERICAN S Sociology of Education OCIOLOGICAL A Journal of the American Sociological Association Edited by Barbara Schneider Michigan State University Quarterly, ISSN 0038-0407 R EVIEW SociologyofEducationpublishes papers advancing sociological knowledge about education in its various forms. Among the many issues considered in the journal are the nature and determinants of educational expansion; the relationship VOLUME 73 • NUMBER 1 • FEBRUARY 2008 between education and social mobility in contemporary OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION society; and the implications of diverse ways of organizing schools and schooling for teaching, learning, and human 2007 ASA PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS development. The journal invites papers that draw on a wide range of methodological approaches that can contribute to a Frances Fox Piven F EBRUARY Can Power from Below Change the World? sociological understanding of these and other educational phenomena. Print subscriptions to ASA journals include online access to the current year’s issues MARGINALIZATION IN GLOBAL CONTEXT at no additional charge through Ingenta,the leading provider of online publishing 2008 V Eileen M. Otis services to academic and professional publishers. Labor and Gender Organization in China Christopher A. Bail 2008 Subscription Rates Symbolic Boundaries in 21 European Countries ASA Members $40 • Student Members $25 • Institutions (print/online) $185, (online only) $170 (Add $20 for subscriptions outside the U.S. or Canada) RELIGION IN SOCIAL LIFE Individual subscribers are required to be ASA members. To join ASA and subscribe at discounted member rates, see www.asanet.org D. Michael Lindsay Send prepaid orders only to: Evangelicals in the Power Elite American Sociological Association 1307 New York Avenue, Suite 700 • Washington, DC 20005-4701 Paul Lichterman (202) 383-9005 • (202) 638-0882 fax Religion and Civic Identity [email protected] • www.asanet.org Credit card orders, call (202) 383-9005 x389 OL Francesca Borgonovi . 73, N Religious Pluralism, Giving, and Volunteering additional mailing offices Periodicals postage paid Periodicals at Washington, DC and Washington, at DYNAMICS OF WAGE INEQUALITY O . 1, P ChangHwan Kim and Arthur Sakamoto Intra-Occupational Wage Inequality P . 1–183 Sylvia Fuller Job Mobility and Gender Wage Trajectories 3285 ASR 1/7/08 10:32 AM Page 2 ASR EDITORS VINCENT J. ROSCIGNO RANDY HODSON Ohio State Ohio State DEPUTY EDITORS SOCIAL DOUGLAS DOWNEY LINDA D. 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ASA To join ASA and subscribe at discounted member rates, see www.asanet.org MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL, 2008 American Sociological Association ARNE KALLEBERG, DOUGLAS MCADAM, DONALD TOMASKOVIC-DEVEY, 1307 New York Avenue, Suite 700 President Vice President Secretary Washington, DC 20005-4701 UNC Stanford UMass, Amherst (202) 383-9005 • Fax (202) 638-0882 [email protected] • www.asanet.org PATRICIA HILL COLLINS, MARGARET ANDERSEN, FRANCES FOX PIVEN, BONNIE THORNTON DILL, President-Elect Vice President-Elect Past President Past Vice President Maryland Delaware Graduate Center, CUNY Maryland SALLY T. H ILLSMAN, Executive Officer ELECTED-AT-LARGE JUDITH D. AUERBACH EVELYN NAKANO GLENN CLARA RODRIGUEZ MARC SCHNEIBERG amfAR UC, Berkeley Fordham Reed DALTON CONLEY MICHELE LAMONT MARY ROMERO GAY SEIDMAN NYU Harvard Arizona State Wisconsin MARJORIE DEVAULT MARY PATTILLO RUBEN RUMBAUT ROBIN STRYKER Syracuse Northwestern UC, Irvine Minnesota 2007 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS 001 Can Power from Below Change the World? Frances Fox Piven ARTICLES 015 Beyond the Industrial Paradigm: Market-Embedded Labor and the Gender Organization of Global Service Work in China Eileen M. Otis 037 The Configuration of Symbolic Boundaries against Immigrants in Europe Christopher A. Bail 060 Evangelicals in the Power Elite: Elite Cohesion Advancing a Movement D. Michael Lindsay 083 Religion and the Construction of Civic Identity Paul Lichterman 105 Divided We Stand, United We Fall: Religious Pluralism, Giving, and Volunteering Francesca Borgonovi 129 The Rise of Intra-Occupational Wage Inequality in the United States, 1983 to 2002 ChangHwan Kim and Arthur Sakamoto 158 Job Mobility and Wage Trajectories for Men and Women in the United States Sylvia Fuller V OLUME 73 • NUMBER 1 • FEBRUARY 2008 O FFICIAL J OURNAL OF THE A MERICAN S OCIOLOGICAL A SSOCIATION 2007 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS Can Power from Below Change the World? Frances Fox Piven Graduate Center, City University of New York Prevailing perspectives on power cannot explain why political protests from the bottom of societies sometimes result in reforms that reflect the grievances of the protestors. I propose a new theory of “interdependent power” that provides such an explanation. I argue that, contrary to common views, globalization actually increases the potential for this kind of popular power. uch of my academic work has been about American history. This has been especially true Mthe role of protest movements in generat- during the great moments of equalizing reforms ing reforms—reforms that ease the circum- that humanized our society, from the founding stances of people at the bottom of American of the republic, to the emancipation of the slaves, society. And much of my work as a political to the rise of the New Deal and Great Society activist, the source of real joy in my life, has order, to the civil rights acts of the 1960s, and been in collaboration with these movements. so on. In the years leading up to the In this address, I build on that experience by the- Revolutionary War, American elites restless oretically examining the kind of power that is under British rule struck up an alliance with “the at work when movements, in the United States people out-of-doors” or the mobs of the era. and elsewhere, become a force for change. I Without the support of the rabble, the war with think that the question of how power can be England could not have been won.1 But the exerted from the lower reaches has never been price of the alliance was elite indulgence of more important. It will ultimately determine radical democratic ideas about the people’s whether another world is indeed possible. rights to self governance. Moreover, the dis- Although this is not the way the story of ruptive threat of the mob and their radical American political development is usually told, democratic convictions were imprinted on the protest movements have played a large role in 1 This point is now widely accepted. The pivotal Direct correspondence to Frances Fox Piven work was probably Becker (1909) (see also, Bailyn ([email protected]). I want to thank Lori Minnite 1965; Bridenbaugh 1955; Morgan 1956; Raphael and Fred Block for their