4HE4IANANMEN4RAGEDYs2EAL 7ORLD3OCIAL3CIENCE *5,9 !5'534s $4.95 Disruption Rules Clayton Christensen on innovation 140116_LuxBondGreen.indd 1 11/22/13 11:51 AM JULY-AUGUST 2014 VOLUME 116, NUMBER 6 FEATURES 38 Disruptive Genius | by C!"#$ L"%&'!( Clayton Christensen demystifies the shock waves of change with his theory of disruptive innovation 44 Vita: Felipe Poey | by L#)*+", B!-.)'// Brief life of Cuba’s greatest naturalist: 1799-1891 46 Tiananmen Plus Twenty-Five p. 8 China’s 1989 tragedy and its continuing resonances 54 Rebooting Social Science | by E/#0"&'(1 G2*!"#+ The Tobin Project’s fresh approach to defining and understanding real-world problems JOHN H A R V A R D ’ S J O U R N A L 13 A soulful anthem at the brisk 363rd Commencement. Plus debating divestment, addressing sexual assault, historian of science skepticism, Crimson clotheslines, a College honor code and other issues, the Coop renewed, superb scientists, capital-campaign compendium, building the Chao Center, treasurer transition, limber laxmen, and a sports wrap-up DEPARTMENTS 2 Cambridge 02138 | Letters from our readers p. 13 3 The View from Mass Hall 7 Right Now | Reinterpreting the human family tree, haunted hemlocks, and creating structural colors 12A Harvard2 | A new section features a calendar of seasonal events, Cambridge funk and jazz, eighteenth-century home life captured on the North Shore, a Harbor Island outing, East Boston’s Latin American cuisine, Nepal’s recent MAGES I history on exhibit, and more 67 Montage | Family photographs, a cancer journal, individual URNLEY/CORBIS URNLEY/CORBIS self-transformations in today’s China, Rhode Island realism, Paul Rudolph’s brutalist T architecture, and more ETER ETER P 74 Alumni | Campus childcare’s origins, alumni-association helmsman, Shakespeare: the tablet, Harvard Medalists, graduate-school honorands, Overseer elections, and more 80 The College Pump | Touring Yale, trombone sextet, and talking back to John Foster Dulles p. 46 88 | Two harpsichords’ tales Treasure FROM TOP: DAVID FOSTER; STU ROSNER; AND © ANDROSNER; STU FOSTER; DAVID TOP: FROM 81 Crimson Classifieds On the cover: Illustration by Taylor Callery www.harvardmagazine.com LETTERS EDITOR: John S. Rosenberg Cambridge SENIOR EDITOR: Jean Martin Humanities hubris, hoop humor, undergraduate prolixity MANAGING EDITOR: Jonathan S. Shaw DEPUTY EDITOR: Craig Lambert ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Katherine Xue ASSISTANT EDITOR-ONLINE: Laura Levis ANTIBIOTIC the a&ected area. Too many ASSISTANT EDITOR: Nell Porter Brown RESISTANCE doctors skipped that step to ART DIRECTOR Jennifer Carling T!"#$% for the fine article accommodate patients, so re- : on antibiotic-resistant bac- sistant organisms grew and BERTA GREENWALD LEDECKY teria by Katherine Xue (“Su- turned hospitals into dan- UNDERGRADUATE FELLOWS perbug,” May-June, page 40). ger zones. A psychiatrist, I Noah Pisner, Jessica C. Salley Patient demand and doctors’ never prescribed antibiot- DANIEL STEINER UNDERGRADUATE compliance turned antibiot- ics, but heard the warnings EDITORIAL FELLOW ics into monster-makers. A again at Harvard School of favorite teacher of medical Public Health. Unfortunate- Francesca Annicchiarico microbiology at the Uni- ly, the facts of microbial life EDITORIAL INTERN versity of California, San Francisco, Ernest were brushed aside by doctors too willing Nu Xiong Jawetz, stressed the importance of pre- to please rather than counsel their patients. CONTRIBUTING EDITORS scribing an antibiotic only after culturing The profuse distribution of hand sanitizers John T. Bethell, John de Cuevas, Adam Goodheart, Elizabeth Gudrais, Jim Harrison, Courtney Humphries, 7 Ware Street useful home at harvardmagazine.com and Christopher S. Johnson, Adam Kirsch, through our mobile app, to facilitate your Colleen Lannon, Christopher Reed, Stu 2 use of the region’s resouces. We’re fortunate Meet Harvard Rosner, Deborah Smullyan, Mark Steele to work and live in this rich and engaging B'()##)#( with this issue, New England environment, and look forward to making HARVARD MAGAZINE INC. readers will see a renamed, redesigned, it more accessible to you. We welcome your PRESIDENT: Henry Rosovsky, JF ’57, and—most important—reconceived spe- comments and suggestions. Ph.D. ’59, LL.D. ’98. DIRECTORS: Suzanne cial section in their copies of Harvard Maga- ***** Blier, Peter K. Bol, Jonathan L.S. Byrnes, zine. Harvard2 (“Harvard Squared”) replaces W)*! *!)% )%%+', we extend our pro- the previous regional section, which has in- found thanks to Katherine Xue ’13, a for- D.B.A. ’80, Thomas F. Kelly, Ph.D. ’73, cluded a campus-events calendar, features mer Ledecky Undergraduate Fellow at the Randolph C. Lindel ’66, Lars Peter on aspects of New England life, and a review magazine and, this past year, a full-time col- Knoth Madsen, John P. Reardon Jr. ’60 of a local restaurant. (In both incarnations, league. She has contributed important fea- the contents serve those who live in or visit ture articles on the sciences (with others BOARD OF INCORPORATORS the area often; those farther flung around still in the pipeline), and a great variety of This magazine, at first called the Harvard Bulletin, was the globe can access the regional coverage vivid news reports online and in John Har- founded in 1898. Its Board of Incorporators was char- readily online.) vard’s Journal. Katherine leaves, as planned, tered in 1924 and remains active in the magazine’s 2 governance. The membership is as follows: Stephen Harvard intends to o&er much of the pre- for the genome-sciences doctoral program J. Bailey, AMP ’94; Je&rey S. Behrens ’89, William I. vious content—and more. We will look be- at the University of Washington. She goes Bennett ’62, M.D. ’69; John T. Bethell ’54; Peter K. Bol; Fox Butterfield ’61, A.M. ’64; Sewell Chan ’98; Jona- yond the University to include other arts with our warm best wishes—and our hope than S. Cohn ’91; Philip M. Cronin ’53, J.D. ’56; John and cultural events in the calendar listings, that she will continue to combine her inter- de Cuevas ’52; James F. Dwinell III ’62; Anne Fadi- man ’74; Benjamin M. Friedman ’66, Ph.D. ’71; Rob- and feature the cultural, historic, and natu- ests and skills, in writing and in science, in ert H. Giles, NF ’66; Richard H. Gilman, M.B.A. ’83; ral amenities that have increasingly attract- the years ahead. Owen Gingerich, Ph.D. ’62; Adam K. Goodheart ’92; Philip C. Haughey ’57; Brian R. Hecht ’92; Sarah Blaf- ed residents and visitors—for good reason. We also welcome our first Daniel Steiner fer Hrdy ’68, Ph.D. ’75; Ellen Hume ’68; Alex S. Jones, Harvard faculty and sta& members, stu- Undergraduate Editorial Fellow, Francesca NF ’82; Bill Kovach, NF ’89; Florence Ladd, BI ’72; dents, and magazine colleagues will share Annicchiarico ’16, a Dunster House resi- Jennifer 8 Lee ’99; Scott Malkin ’80, J.D.-M.B.A. ’83; Margaret H. Marshall, Ed.M. ’69, Ed ’77, L ’78; Lisa L. their favorite ideas—as will local alumni. dent and social studies concentrator from Martin, Ph.D. ’90; David McClintick ’62; Winthrop And we will broaden our coverage of din- Portogruaro, Italy. She began reporting in L. McCormack ’67; M. Lee Pelton, Ph.D. ’84; John P. Reardon Jr. ’60; Christopher Reed; Harriet Ritvo ’68, ing options to encompass the people, places, mid May, as the spring semester ended, and Ph.D. ’75; Henry Rosovsky, JF ’57, Ph.D. ’59, LL.D. ’98; and products that contribute to the region’s will serve readers into mid summer. We’re Barbara Rudolph ’77; Robert N. Shapiro ’72, J.D. ’78; Theda Skocpol, Ph.D. ’75; Peter A. Spiers ’76; Scott culinary scene. lucky to have her. H. Stossel ’91; Sherry Turkle ’69, Ph.D. ’76; Robert H. 2 Harvard will also have a new and more !,-!# %. .-%'#/'.(, Editor Weiss ’54; Jan Ziolkowski. 2 J+01 - A+(+%* 2014 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 THE VIEW FROM MASS HALL To Sit at the Welcome Table ".2".3 )%, at nearly 400 years old, still a work in prog- ress. It endures because it changes. In its most recent century, one of the ways it has changed most dramati- cally is its ever wider inclusion of students and faculty Hfrom groups who were for many years not seen as an accepted part of its community. The outreach to students of limited financial re- sources began with President Conant’s program of national scholar- ships in 1934 and has become, through our financial aid initiatives, a commitment to a&ordability that now means one in five of our undergraduates are from families with incomes below $65,000 per year. Once a place where Booker T. Washington observed that he felt like “a huckleberry in a bowl of milk,” Harvard today is com- mitted to building and supporting a student body of broad ethnic and racial diversity. Our incoming undergraduate class includes more African American and Latino students than ever before, 10.7 and 11 percent of the class respectively. For women, as for minorities and low income students, things at the university have changed significantly. When I arrived here as Dean of the Radcli&e Institute in 2001 and immersed myself in the history of women at Harvard, I learned that I would not have been permitted to enter the undergraduate library until it opened to women in 1967, the fall of what would have been my senior year. place in a community that depends on openness and trust as an That year, there was one tenured woman in the Arts and Sciences essential element of its very purpose. We must and will do better faculty. in committing ourselves to battling sexual assault and supporting Harvard has changed, but not enough. Today only about a quarter its survivors.