Climate Smart Agriculture: Capturing the synergies between Adaptation, Mitigation and Food Security GCP/INT/139/EC Inception Workshop Ibis Garden Hotel - Lusaka 9th -12th January 2013 Final Report Introduction The greatest challenge the vast majority of human population is called to face nowadays is the eradication of hunger and extreme poverty. At the same time, countries have to confront the impact of climate change, which poses among the most serious, immediate and long term threats to the efforts of achieving sustainable development with striking negative effects on food security and rural development. Thus a holistic approach that incorporates the multiple objectives of food security, and adaptation to and mitigation of climate change is needed in agricultural development and investment planning to enable agricultural producers and policy-makers to make informed and effective choices. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) addresses this challengeby identifying and capturing synergies between climate change mitigation, adaptation and food security in agricultural production systems and policy-making, and minimizing their potential negative trade-offs. CSA approach realizes the context specific nature of food security, adaptation and mitigation benefits of agricultural practices, as well as barriers to their adoption. Aligning and integrating climate change, agriculture and food security policies are needed to provide the required enabling environment. In addition, estimating the costs and sources of funds for climate smart agriculture investments is an essential step to achieving the needed transition In order to enhance efforts to sustain agricultural production in the face of climate change the Government of Zambia through the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock in collaboration with the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations is implementing the project Climate Smart Agriculture : Capturing the synergies between Adaptation, Mitigation and Food Security. The project’s outcome is to strengthen the institutional capacity in scaling up and implementation of CSA options to increase community resilience. This outcome will be achieved through four outputs: (i) Establishing an evidence base for planning, developing CSA options and review of CSA related policies; (ii) Formulation of country-owned CSA frameworks; (iii) Development of CSA investment proposals and identification of financing mechanisms, and; (iv) Building capacity in planning and implementation of CSA initiatives. The inception workshop was an essential feature of the project, designed to facilitate consultation with key stakeholders in creating a country-specific project log-frame and work plan, as well as establishing and strengthening collaboration. These are key elements needed both to attain the project outputs set out above as well as to build country ownership of the project outputs from the beginning. Stakeholder knowledge and experience in the design of project activities and identification of their roles therein are cornerstones of projects outcomes. The project inception workshop was held from the 9th to the 12th of January 2013 at the Ibis Garden Hotel in Chisamba, Zambia. A total of 27 participants across different sectors attended the workshop, these included representatives from Government Ministries and Departments; Civil Society; Academia; Research Institutions; FAO and the Cooperating partner. The participants list is presented in Annex I. 2 | P a g e 1. Project Launch The project was launched by the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock represented by the Director of Agriculture Ms Mary Chipili. The other dignitary who made opening statements was the Zambia Office FAO Representative ad interim Ms Farayi Zimudzi. The key message from the launching speeches was the need to tailor the project to the Zambian institutional, policy and technological context and circumstances. 2. Day 1-Presentations: Summary of the CSA Project framework and potential activities A number of presentations were made to set the scene for the constructive engagement of the participants towards the achievement of the goals of the inception workshop. The following are the introductory presentations that were made to set the scene for the workshop. a) A synopsis of the Climate Smart Agriculture by Andrea Cattaneo, the Project Leader and Aslihan Arslan, Natural Resource Economist. This presentation outlined in summary the following key items: i. Objectives of the CSA Project ii. Examples of CSA practices & barriers to adoption iii. Project framework iv. CSA initial priority areas for Zambia v. Planned project outputs and vi. Expected Outcomes from the Workshop b) Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI) work on climate smart agriculture practices. The presentation focused both on past and ongoing research work conducted by ZARI. The highlights of the following studies were presented: i. A project on the effects of agro-forestry plants on soil fertility restoration and maize productivity in a degraded Miombo woodland in the Petauke district of eastern Zambia. ii. Research on socio-ecological resilience and vulnerability in southern Zambia. iii. Soil Organic Carbon Quantification Estimates in the Trans-frontier Conservation Area of Western Zambia. iv. Soil survey design and methodology development for v. conducting field soil samples collection, laboratory analytical tests, soil data interpretations and information dissemination for the implementation of the UN-REDD & ILUA II project under the Forestry Department in Zambia. 3 | P a g e c) The Dean of the School of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Zambia (UNZA), Dr Mick Mwala, presented capacity building opportunities in CSA with the following highlights: i. The research on the effect of climate change in Zambia assessed through climate variability in the three agro-ecological regions of Zambia based on precipitation using a baseline of 1970 to 2000 and projections for 2010 to 2070. ii. Scenarios on mean temperature and Green House Gas Emissions (GHG) sources and estimations over the same baseline referred to above. iii. Baseline and mitigation scenarios developed. The scenarios covered agriculture and food security, human health and natural resources (wildlife and fisheries). iv. Additional issues for which UNZA has the capacity to contribute to CSA in Zambia within the framework of the CSA project. These include: Diversification in crop production including legumes Utilization and development of crops with stress tolerance. Identification of altered abiotic and biotic environments due to climate change. Modeling of impact of climate change on agricultural production Information for policy guidance Identification and development of improved crop varieties with stress tolerance and management practices for sustainable agricultural production Training in human resources on identified CSA related topics of relevance to Zambia Day 1 - Breakaway group discussions The group breakaway discussions were based on three main questions aimed at soliciting the Zambian context-specific focus of the project within the overall project framework. The following tables summarize the observations and recommendations from the discussions of the three groups. 4 | P a g e Table 1- Summary of group observations and recommendations on CSA Practices Project Output related Group Summary observations and recommendations question 1-CSA Practices - What are the Major Opportunities for promotion of CSA were identified as: and barriers to agricultural practices Awareness that CC is happening. adoption. contributing to increased Crop diversification (Available choice of crops) productivity for food Agriculture is an important sector mainly affected by CC. security and, where Existing research and extension institutions. possible, mitigation? - What are the barriers to Agricultural practices differentiated between the warm and drier areas and the high rainfall areas the adoption of these were identified as follows: practices? Practices for drier areas (Region I&II) included: a) Conservation agriculture Crop rotation Minimum tillage (basins , ripping) Soil cover Agro-forestry Heat and drought tolerant crops Intercropping b) Crop & livestock integration Use of inorganic and organic fertilizers Use of bio char Water harvesting Practices for wet areas (Region 3) included: Crop rotation Fish farming Liming Bio char Adaptable crop varieties/ livestock integration Agro forestry(e.g. improved fallows) Decreased use of chitemene practice 5 | P a g e Agriculture & deforestation interface Barriers to CA adoption identified included: CA is labour intensive (weeding) Less access to CA tools and equipment Dependence on free inputs Poor extension messages. Barriers to change in land use included: Lack of land title Traditional and cultural practices Lack of marketing opportunities for other crops (e.g. legumes) Lack of improved seeds (agro forestry) Communal grazing. Policy related barriers included: Land titles or some other form of tenure security should be provided Viable exit strategies for projects should be developed to ensure continuity Build cost sharing implementation strategies btw national and international donors Include CSA approach in the projects Strengthen awareness on CSA and market participation Develop indigenous trees for agro-forestry Develop improved fallows to decrease deforestation 6 | P a g e Table 2- Summary of group observations and recommendations