PROTECTIVE ARMOR ENGINEERING DESIGN PROTECTIVE ARMOR ENGINEERING DESIGN Magdi El Messiry Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 1265 Goldenrod Circle NE Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Palm Bay, Florida 32905 Canada USA USA © 2020 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press, a member of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-787-8 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-42905-723-6 (eBook) All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electric, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and re- cording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publish- er or its distributor, except in the case of brief excerpts or quotations for use in reviews or critical articles. 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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Protective armor engineering design / Magdi El Messiry. Names: El Messiry, Magdi, 1942- author. Description: Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20190146710 | Canadiana (ebook) 20190146729 | ISBN 9781771887878 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780429057236 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Body armor—Design and construction. | LCSH: Ballistic fabrics—Design and construction. | LCSH: Protective clothing—Design and construction. Classification: LCC U825 .E6 2020 | DDC 623.4/41—dc23 CIP data on file with US Library ofC ongress Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products, visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com Dedication This work is dedicated to my wife and sons for all their endless love and support. About the Author Magdi El Messiry, PhD Professor of Textile and Composite Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Dr. El Messiry is currently Professor of Textile Composite Material Engi- neering in the Faculty of Engineering at Alexandria University, Egypt. He held the position of Vice Dean for Community Services and Environmental Affairs at Alexandria University from 1994 to 1998 and served as the Chair of the Textile Department (2000–2002 and 2005–2011). For his experience in the textile field, he was appointed as a member of the Directing Board of the Spinning and Weaving Holding Company, the main textile company in Egypt, and is also a technical adviser to the owner board. He has led many projects on energy conservation, textile technology, and nanotechnology, funded by National Science Foundation (USA), ARST of Egypt, and Alexandria University, Egypt. His list of publications exceeds 175 papers in the different fields of textile and materials science and nanotechnology. He participated in the establishment of a several textile departments in Egypt and in Arab countries and carried out several granted projects at the international level with the colleagues from the United Kingdom, France, Spain, the United States, Czech Republic, Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco. He also participates on the scientific boards of several journals. In the last decades, he acted as an international expert in innovation and technology transfer as well as textile technology. He is the author of a several books in the field of braiding, textile technology, and industrial innovation. His last published book is Natural Fiber Textile Composite Engineering. Dr. El Messiry was awarded by the Alexandria University with scientific achievement and lifetime achievement awards. Contents About the Author .......................................................................................vii Abbreviations .............................................................................................xi Preface ...................................................................................................... xv Introduction .............................................................................................xvii Acknowledgments ..................................................................................... xix PART I: Historical Background and Developments of Body Armor ...................................................................................... 1 1. History of Protection Armor ...................................................................... 3 PART II: Textile Materials for Flexible Protective Armor ............... 29 2. Textile Materials for Flexible Armor ....................................................... 31 3. Material Design Principles of Flexible Protective Armor ..................... 63 PART III: Protective Armor Design Aspects ..................................... 93 4. Stab Resistance of Flexible Protective Armor ........................................ 95 5. Bulletproof Flexible Protective Armor .................................................. 161 6. Flexible Protective Armor: Modern Designs ........................................ 221 PART IV: Protective Armor Testing Methods: Fibers, Yarns, Fabrics, and Protective Vests ...................................................... 269 7. Testing Methods for Materials and Protective Vests: Different Components ............................................................................. 271 Appendix I: Testing Standards for Fibers, Yarns, and Protective Fabrics ...................................................................................................... 314 Appendix II: Additional Test Procedures for Bulletproof Vests ................. 317 Index ................................................................................................................. 321 Abbreviations ABL armor ballistic limit ACP automatic colt pistol AI angle of incidence ANSI American National Standards Institute AP armor piercing ASPF antistabbing protective fabric ASTM American standards for Testing of Material BFS back face signature BL ballistic limit BR bending rigidity BSA blade sharpness index CFF cross-over firmness factor COM RR compressional resilience rate CPA critical perforation analysis CPP cut protection performance CTP compliance testing program CTR compliance test report CV severity of consequences value DOP depth of penetration EMR electromagnetic radiation EMT extensibility FMJ full metal jacket FPF flexible protective fabrics FYF floating yarn factor HC heat transfer by convection to the environment HITS Hornady Index of Terminal Standards HM high modulus HO home office HO1 protection level 1 HO2 protection level 2 HO3 protection level 3 HO4 protection level 4 xii Abbreviations HOSDB Home Office Scientific Development Branch HPF high-performance fibers HR heat transferred by radiation to environment HS high strength HT high tenacity HTPES high tenacity polyester HV Vickers hardness JHP jacketed hollow point JSP jacketed soft point KES Kawabata evaluation system KR knife resistance (protection level) LR long rifle LRN lead round nose MH metabolic heat MMF manmade fibers MMT moisture management tester MW heat converted into mechanical power MWR maximum wetted radii NIJ National Institute of Justice OMMC overall moisture management capacity OV probability of occurrence OWTC accumulative one-way transport capacity P-BFS perforation and back face signature PA protective armor PAN polyacrylonitrile PBI polybenzimidazole PBO polybenzoxazole PBT poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisthiazole) PC polycarbonate PE polyethylene PEN polyethylenenapthalate PF protective fabric PIPD poly[2,6-diimidazo(4,5-b-4′,5′-e)pyridinylene-1,4 (2,5-dihydroxy)phenylene PMC polymer matrix composite PMD protection materials-by-design PMMA polymethyl methacrylate PPTA polyparaphenyleneterephthalamide Abbreviations xiii PU polyurethane PVB polyvinyl butyral RBV rigid ballistic vest RN round nose RR risk rating S&W Smith & Wesson SG shotgun (protection level) SJHP semijacketed hollow point SJSP semijacketed soft point SK 1 protection level K1 SK 2 protection level K2 SK 3 protection level K3 SK 4 protection level K4 SK L protection level KL SP spike resistance (protection level) SPL single penetration limit SRBV semirigid ballistic vest SS spreading speed STF shear thickening fluid TCS tactile comfort score THV total hand value TPU thermoplastic polyurethanes UHMWPE ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene UM high modulus UV ultraviolet