Measures of Spirituality/ Religiosity (2018) Edited by Arndt Büssing Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Religions www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Measures of Spirituality/Religiosity (2018) Measures of Spirituality/Religiosity (2018) Special Issue Editor Arndt B ¨ussing MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Arndt Bussing¨ Witten/Herdecke University Germany Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Religions (ISSN 2077-1444) from 2017 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special issues/Measure) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-932-6 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-933-3 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of pexels.com user Colin Smitt. c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Arndt B ¨ussing Introduction of the Special Issue “Measures of Spirituality/Religiosity (2018)” Reprinted from: Religions 2019, 10, 214, doi:10.3390/rel10030214 ................... 1 Philip Austin, Jessica Macdonald and Roderick MacLeod Measuring Spirituality and Religiosity in Clinical Settings: A Scoping Review of Available Instruments Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 70, doi:10.3390/rel9030070 ..................... 2 Arndt B ussing,¨ Daniela Rodrigues Recchia, Harold Koenig, Klaus Baumann and Eckhard Frick Factor Structure of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) in Persons with Chronic Diseases, Elderly and Healthy Individuals Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 13, doi:10.3390/rel9010013 ..................... 16 Aisha Kashif and Zaira Kanwal Translation, Cultural Adaptation of Spiritual Needs Questionnaire in Pakistan Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 163, doi:10.3390/rel9050163 .................... 27 Taniaˆ Cristina de Oliveira Valente, Ana Paula Rodrigues Cavalcanti, Arndt B ussing,¨ Clovis´ Pereira da Costa Junior and Rogerio Neves Motta Transcultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Portuguese Version of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) Among HIV Positive Patients in Brazil Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 135, doi:10.3390/rel9040135 .................... 35 Seyma N. Saritoprak, Julie J. Exline and Nick Stauner Spiritual Jihad among U.S. Muslims: Preliminary Measurement and Associations with Well-Being and Growth Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 158, doi:10.3390/rel9050158 .................... 45 Olga Riklikiene, Snieguole Kaseliene and John Fisher Translation and Validation of Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire SHALOM in Lithuanian Language, Culture and Health Care Practice Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 156, doi:10.3390/rel9050156 .................... 67 Hartmut August, Mary Rute G. Esperandio and Fabiana Thiele Escudero Brazilian Validation of the Attachment to God Inventory (IAD-Br) Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 103, doi:10.3390/rel9040103 .................... 81 Rito Baring, Philip Joseph Sarmiento, Nestor Sibug, Paolo Lumanlan, Benita Bonus, Cristina Samia and Stephen Reysen Filipino College Students’ Attitudes towards Religion: An Analysis of the Underlying Factors Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 85, doi:10.3390/rel9030085 .....................102 Arndt B ussing,¨ Daniela R. Recchia, Mareike Gerundt, Markus Warode and Thomas Dienberg Validation of the SpREUK—Religious Practices Questionnaire as a Measure of Christian Religious Practices in a General Population and in Religious Persons Reprinted from: Religions 2017, 8, 269, doi:10.3390/rel8120269 ....................116 v Arndt Bussing, ¨ Markus Warode, Mareike Gerundt and Thomas Dienberg Validation of a Novel Instrument to Measure Elements of Franciscan-Inspired Spirituality in a General Population and in Religious Persons Reprinted from: Religions 2017, 8, 197, doi:10.3390/rel8090197 ....................132 Arndt Bussing, ¨ Daniela R. Recchia and Klaus Baumann Validation of the Gratitude/Awe Questionnaire and Its Association with Disposition of Gratefulness Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 117, doi:10.3390/rel9040117 ....................146 Harold G. Koenig Measuring Symptoms of Moral Injury in Veterans and Active Duty Military with PTSD Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 86, doi:10.3390/rel9030086 .....................157 vi About the Special Issue Editor Arndt Bussing ¨ (*1962) is a medical doctor and full professor for “Quality of Life, Spirituality and Coping” at the Witten/Herdecke University (Germany) since 2010. His research interests are (1) empirical studies on quality of life, spirituality and coping (i.e., spirituality as a resource to cope; spiritual needs; spiritual dryness), (2) non-pharmacological integrative medicine interventions to treat patients with chronic diseases (i.e., meditation, yoga), and (3) questionnaire development specifically in the field of spirituality and coping. vii religions Editorial Introduction of the Special Issue “Measures of Spirituality/Religiosity (2018)” Arndt Büssing Professorship Quality of Life, Spirituality and Coping, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313 Herdecke, Germany; [email protected] Received: 15 March 2019; Accepted: 18 March 2019; Published: 21 March 2019 The interest in the topic of spirituality as a more or less independent dimension of quality of life is continuously growing. Furthermore, the research questions in this topic have started to change because also the fields of religiosity are changing, becoming more diverse and pluralistic. To address the new topics in health research, one may rely on standardized questionnaires. Several of these new questions cannot be easily answered with the instruments designed for previous questions and thus, new instruments need to be constantly developed. There is a growing number of instruments intended to measure specific aspects of spirituality and they are difficult to value particularly the new ones. This special issue intends to focus on some of the already established instruments (and to update the knowledge or adaptation to different languages and cultures) and describe the features and intentions of newly developed instruments, which may be potentially used in larger studies to obtain knowledge that is relevant to spiritual care and practice. Some of these are rather ‘inclusive’ (also embracing secular concepts of spirituality and may thus be less specific) and others are rather ‘exclusive’ (or specific for circumscribed religious groups and thus, not suited for varying denominations or non-religious persons). This issue should become a resource of relevant instruments in the wide range of organized religiosity, the individual experience of the divine and the open approach in the search for meaning and purpose in life. Conflicts of Interest: The author declares no conflict of interest. © 2019 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Religions 2019, 10, 214; doi:10.3390/rel100302141 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions religions Review Measuring Spirituality and Religiosity in Clinical Settings: A Scoping Review of Available Instruments Philip Austin 1,*, Jessica Macdonald 2 and Roderick MacLeod 2,3 1 Department of Pain Management, HammondCare, Greenwich 2065, Australia 2 Department of Palliative Care, HammondCare, Greenwich 2065, Australia; [email protected] 3 Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonard’s 2065, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 22 February 2018; Accepted: 28 February 2018; Published: 4 March 2018 Abstract: Aims: Numerous measures exist that assess dimensions of spirituality and religiosity in health, theological and social settings. In this review, we aim to identify and evaluate measures assessing factors relating to spirituality and religiosity in clinical settings. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases with search terms relating to spirituality, religiosity that also included well-being, needs, distress and beliefs used in self-reporting and clinician-administered measures. Only articles relating to the validation and subsequent administration of measures used in clinical settings were eligible for review. Results: Of 75 measures selected for initial screening, 25 had been validated and used in clinical settings and were reviewed for this study. Most measures were validated in oncological and palliative care settings where the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-being (FACIT-Sp12) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Spiritual, Religious and Personal Beliefs (WHOQOL-SRPB) were most validated and frequently used. Only six measures were found