D3.1 Collection of 4 case study reports on “Specific social exclusion issues and policy/community responses encountered at ´test cases´” (v0.0 – 31/10/2020) SMARTDEST – D3.1 Collection of 4 case study reports CONTEXT Grant agreement 870753 Programme Horizon 2020 Call Call: H2020 TRANSFORMATIONS-03-2018-2019 Project acronym SMARTDEST Cities as mobility hubs: tackling social exclusion through “smart” Project title citizens engagement Project starting 01/01/2020 date Project end date 31/12/2022 Project duration 36 months Project work WP3 LOCAL EFFECTS package D3.1 Collection of 4 case study reports on “Specific social Deliverable title exclusion issues and policy/community responses encountered at ´test cases´” Nature of REPORT deliverable Dissemination level PUBLIC Due date of 31/10/2020 (M10) deliverable Actual date of 31/10/2020 deliverable Produced by Lukas Alexander, Elisabetta Mocca and Yuri Kazepov Approved by URV Project partners 2 SMARTDEST – D3.1 Collection of 4 case study reports DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD Issue date Version Author Sections affected / Change Lukas Alexander, 31/10/2020 V0 Elisabetta Mocca and 1st version Yuri Kazepov 3 SMARTDEST – D3.1 Collection of 4 case study reports TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ..................................................................................................................... 8 I. CASE STUDY: Amsterdam ................................................................................... 9 The contextual dimensions and the main trends ................................................. 10 Place transformation and spatial segregation .................................................... 20 Changing policy regimes ................................................................................... 26 Reinventing tourism in order to create a more inclusive and sustainable city - community initiatives ....................................................................................... 34 COVID: a catalyst for change? ........................................................................... 37 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 39 References .............................................................................................................. 40 II. CASE STUDY: Barcelona .................................................................................... 46 Introduction: from virtuous to vicious relationship between tourism and society in Barcelona ......................................................................................................... 47 Tourism development patterns .......................................................................... 49 Social inclusion/exclusion .................................................................................. 56 The policy context: development of issues, policy frame over time and coping strategies and initiatives ................................................................................... 70 Other agents: citizen and corporate initiatives and forms of coping .................... 79 Issue: COVID-19 and recovery perspectives ........................................................ 84 Next steps: research objectives, methods and work plan .................................... 88 References .............................................................................................................. 94 Appendix .............................................................................................................. 101 III. CASE STUDY: Jerusalem .................................................................................. 102 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 103 1 The contextual dimensions and the main trend ................................................ 104 2 Conflicts in the main tourist attraction: The Holy Basin ..................................... 108 3 Mobility in a heritage city ............................................................................... 111 4 Impact of Covid-19 on tourism in Jerusalem ..................................................... 113 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 113 Appendix .............................................................................................................. 114 References ............................................................................................................ 118 4 SMARTDEST – D3.1 Collection of 4 case study reports IV. CASE STUDY: Venice ....................................................................................... 121 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 122 1 The Historical city of Venice ............................................................................ 122 2 Contextual Dimensions ................................................................................... 126 3 Job Diversity ................................................................................................... 138 4 Housing ......................................................................................................... 143 5 Mobility ......................................................................................................... 147 6 Conclusions and Case Study Plan ..................................................................... 154 References ............................................................................................................ 157 5 SMARTDEST – D3.1 Collection of 4 case study reports LIST OF GRAPHS Figure 1: The timeline of Amsterdam before COVID ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2: Visitors: country of origin and travel motivation ............................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 3: Left: hotel locations in the MRA. Right: the growth of beds in different areas .......................................................................... 15 Figure 4: The touristic carrying capacity ............................................................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 5: The map of the Touristic carrying capacity of neighbourhoods in Amsterdam. .......................................................................... 16 Figure 6: Migration numbers ................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 7: Diversity in Amsterdam versus The Netherlands .............................................................................................................................. 17 Figure 8: Background of residents of Amsterdam ............................................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 9: Places where residents of Amsterdam move to and the increase of income ............................................................................... 18 Figure 10: The number of shops that cater tourism .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 11: Housing selling price per square meter ............................................................................................................................................. 23 Figure 12. Banner of Verdedig Noord on the I Amsterdam statue ................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 13: Overview goals and sub-goals of City in Balance program 2018-2022 ........................................................................................ 28 Figure 14: Few days before the dismantling of the Iamsterdam sign ............................................................................................................... 29 Figure 15: Number of hotel beds, since 2015 ...................................................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 16: Impression of the Red Light ................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Figure 17: Hotel tourists by purpose of visit ....................................................................................................................................................... 50 Figure 18: Classification and dimension of different segments of visitors to Barcelona, 2016 ................................................................... 50 Figure 19: Share of tourist arrivals in Barcelona vs. the rest of Catalonia, 1990-2019 ................................................................................ 51 Figure 20: Air passengers by origin at Barcelona airport 2003-2019 .............................................................................................................. 52 Figure 21: Cruise ships passenger growth 2008-2019 .......................................................................................................................................