“Development of a New Nation” Major Powers/Limits of the Articles: o International Diplomacy 1. Articles of Confederation are authorized o Printing Money in June of 1776 by the Second Continental o Resolving controversies between States Congress and ratified in 1781. These articles o Coordinating War gave individual states much power o 9 out of 13 States vote to create law (sovereignty). o Unanimous vote to change the Articles o ONE state; ONE vote This is colonial State S ov er eign ty o Unicameral (one group) Congress money printed o NO POWER TO TAX during the reign of the Articles…. Former Colonies It is called a are known as Term that means The Articles of “continental.” State/s; a State is individual Confederation was the part of a larger freedom/s or the functioning group… a nation. power to VOTE . government of the United States from Why was this Government not granted March 1, 1781 until the power to TAX the States? If the March 4, 1789 (it’s the Government can’t tax how will it raise government between revenue ($) to pay for running the the Second Continental nation? Congress & the Constitution). School House Rock: Preamble Northwest Territory was developed from Section 16 6 5 4 3 2 1 was reserved the Northwest Ordinance of 1787; It was S for Public 7 8 9 10 11 12 i an effort to raise revenue for the Schools x 18 17 16 15 14 13 Government. M i One Mile 19 20 21 22 23 24 l The Northwest Territory was e ⅟16 40 s O ⅟4 Section Acres 30 29 28 27 26 25 organized into 6 Mile X 6 Mile n 160 Acres e ⅟8 section squares which were then further 80 Acres 31 32 33 34 35 36 M divided up as the chart/s to the i Six Miles l Half Section right demonstrates. These e 320 Acres sections of land were then sold. Daniel Shays on horseback leading the protesters at Springfield, MA on Tues. Sept. 26, 1786 Shays’ Rebellion on Jan. 25, 1787 was an attempt to take over the Arsenal in Springfield, MA. Angry “Regulators” stopped the local Rebels Protested Against: Approx. 150 government from functioning by force rebels were o High Taxes (using swords, muskets, etc.) until changes arrested & o Governor’s Salary were made. some were o High Court Costs put to death. o Paper Money Problem/s Boom to 6 Min Part 1 & 9 Min Part 2 Bust? 2. Problems in the states, such as paper $ outlawed Rev. War veterans were (because it was worthless), paid by the U.S. Gov’t. many people in debt led to for their services with Oath of Shay’s Rebellion. land in the West… Loyalty 3. Philadelphia (Constitutional) Convention took place from May-September of 1787 (all states present except Rhode Island). Conventions key points: Initial reason for the May 25 through meeting or convention: Sept. 17 of 1787 The Annapolis Convention of George Washington was selected the September 1786. President of the Some states refused Philadelphia CLICK to comply with the Convention "we have articles of peace. Independence Hall errors to The union was correct." unable to regulate interstate commerce. Shays’ Rebellion. Revise the Articles of Confederation! What is needed is an extended “republic” Two Main Ground Rules: containing a o Proceedings Secret system of Checks & Balances?” o No Issue Closed James Madison Connecticut New Jersey New York •Oliver Ellsworth* •David Brearley South Carolina •Alexander Hamilton •William Samuel Johnson •Jonathan Dayton •Pierce Butler •John Lansing, Jr.* •Roger Sherman •William Houston* •Charles Cotesworth Pinckney •Robert Yates* •William Livingston •Charles Pinckney •William Paterson John Rutledge Delaware •Richard Bassett •Gunning Bedford, Jr. •Jacob Broom Rhode Island •John Dickinson Who was there in •Rhode Island did not •George Read send delegates to the Philadelphia? convention. Georgia Who signed the •Abraham Baldwin “I smell •William Few Constitution and a rat!” •William Houstoun* William Pierce* who did NOT? Virginia •John Blair •James Madison •George Mason* Pennsylvania • Massachusetts James McClurg* Notabales not there? •George Clymer •Edmund Randolph* •Elbridge Gerry* •Thomas Fitzsimons •George Washington •Nathaniel Gorham o Thomas Jefferson •Benjamin Franklin •George Wythe* •Rufus King •Jared Ingersoll •Caleb Strong* o John Adams •Thomas Mifflin o Patrick Henry •Gouverneur Morris •Robert Morris •James Wilson Maryland North Carolina •Daniel Carroll •William Blount (*) Did not sign •Luther Martin* New Hampshire •William Richardson Davie* •James McHenry •Nicholas Gilman the final draft of •Alexander Martin* •John F. Mercer* John Langdon •Richard Dobbs Spaight •Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer the U.S. Hugh Williamson Constitution. The “ Corner Stone ” of the It is an agreement between two success the Constitutional opposing views in which both find Convention and of the a common ground or current government today… understanding on an issue. 81 year old Benjamin Franklin addressed the men in Philadelphia about the need for COMPROMISE “…by better information or fuller consideration to change opinions . which I once thought right, but found to be otherwise. It is therefore that the older I grow, the more apt I am to doubt my own judgment, and to pay more respect to the judgment of others.” For 10 days the The 5 foot tall, 120 pound, 36- Representation or numbers of Delegates year-old James Madison is the reps. based on State population debated the primary creator of the Virginia Virginia Proposal Lower House selected by the Plan (Plan) from the VIRGINIA PLAN people time Edmund Upper House selected by the Randolph (Large State Plan) Lower House members proposed it on The 34-year-old Governor of Tuesday morning May the 29 th . Virginia Edmund Randolph William Paterson proposed the presented the plan to the New Jersey Plan as a counter to Convention the Virginia Plan NEW JERSEY PLAN The Great Compromise (Small State Plan) Roger Sherman is also known as the Eventually on July 16 th the Delegates accepted Connecticut & voted in the “Compromise” which saved the Compromise or “Convention” from breaking apart… Sherman’s Compromise Representation stays EQUAL as it had been under the Articles of Bicameral Legislature: Confederation Bi is “2” & Cameral is “House” 2 Reps per State in ONE House or Two Houses in Lawmaking Group Group Upper House is “Senate” & Lower House is “House of Representatives” Senate has 2 Reps. per state; House of Reps. 3a. Great Compromise- Virginia Plan & New varies depending on State Population Jersey Plan are compromised and develop a Bicameral Legislature. The Constitutional “Chin”vention (2 min) Roger Sherman William Paterson Ben Franklin The Connecticut Compromise? James Madison Oliver Ellsworth School House Rock: Preamble Facts of Facts of 3b. Separation of Powers- Congress: Congress: 3 Branches of government Three Branches Checks and Balances are created (Legislative, of Government Executive, & Judicial) ARE YOU J.E.L. ’ in? Judicial Branch Judges Laws Executive Branch Enforces Laws Legislative Branch Lawmakers School House Rock: Three Ring Government Points US Constitution Heading: Earned (G. Washington) 1770-1800’s Vocabulary: The System of Checks and Balances! Directions: From the class discussion of the Supplement Handout titled The System of Checks and Balances briefly write out a definition of the vocabulary word or term listed below. Your response does NOT have to be in complete sentences. 1. Checks & Balances 2. Veto 3. Appropriations 4. Cabinet 5. Legislative Branch 6. Judicial Branch 7. Executive Branch 8. Bill 9. Law 10. Simple Majority 11. Super Majority 12. Impeach 13. Remove from office 14. Inferior Courts 15. Hopper 16. Pardon 17. Party 18. Term 19. Congress 20. Constitutionality 21. Senate 22. House of Representatives 23. Bicameral Legislature 24. Census 25. Apportionment School House Rock: I’m School House Rock: Just A Bill Electoral College Impeach? Simple Majority? Remove? Super Majority? Hopper? Veto? Term? Cabinet? Facts of Congress: Amendments Pardon? Facts of Congress: Key Leaders Facts of Congress: House Congress? of Reps. Facts of Congress: Senate StateHouse CRock : Barney Fife & the PARODY I’m Just A Bill Preamble… 3c. Slave Issue- 3/5 Compromise Northern Are there any vs. states that do Southern NOT allow States? slavery in 1787? This was a “compromise” that stemmed from the argument of state population providing more representation in the House of Representatives and the impact on Presidential Elections… Creators of the Three Roger Fifths Sherman of Connecticut James Wilson Compromise of idea… Pennsylvania Slave Tax? Unlike the Articles of Confederation the Constitution would have the power to tax ALL states thus bring in revenue; it also maintained the power to make money… Article 1 Section POWER TO 9 of the US Constitution… The Old Plantation , ca. 1790 Slave Importation How many slaves from the painting above would be cannot be counted towards the State or Virginia’s population? prevented until How much possible revenue would a slave tax generate for the US? the year 1808! 300,000 TAX Slaves 3d. Commerce $ - Congress has the power to tax, a slave tax was developed at the sum of $10 3e. Elect a President - Electoral College elects pres., which is based on # of representatives in Congress. Electoral Worth of the State of 17 Michigan 435 Members of 55 2 Senators the House of Representatives + 15 Members in + the House of 3 538 Total Representatives Electoral Votes 100 Members of the Senate States decide how to distribute their Electoral Votes (Most have a winner take ALL method)… Plus the 3 Electors from To be elected President of the Washington D.C. United States an individual must obtain MORE THAN HALF OF ALL 270 School House Rock: ELECTROAL VOTES ! Winner! Electoral College House of Representatives Census? Apportionment? Ignite Learning: Federal vs. Bill of Rights Rap st State Powers Song Bill of Rights (1 10 Amendments): 1.