iPG 12640 E8 C.2 .i#*l ROBA r Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/essentialrussianOOanpiuoft B. G. ANPILOGOVA, E. Y. VLADIMIRSKY, V. I. ZIMIN, E. Y. SOSENKO ESSENTIAL RUSSIAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY PROGRESS PUBLISHERS Moscow PyCCKO-AHrJlHflCKHft JIEKCHHECKHfl MHHHMVM ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS BY V. KOROTKY EDITED BY R. DIXON COVER DESIGNED BY B. TRIFONOV vS^^ Ot"^ FOREWORD This book is intended for students studying Russian with or without a teacher (in study groups, at courses, etc.] outside Russian linguistic milieu. It is a dictionary, i.e., besides lists oi the commonest Russian words (vo- cabulary) with English translations, it gives grammatical characteristics of the words and illustrative material, explaining not only the meanings of the words but their uses as well. The illustrative material consists of phrases and sentences showing the meanings of the words, and brief contexts, which are traditional, ordinary, semantically stable or, in any case, very commonly used, e.g. jiioSobf, k p6- flHHe love for one*s country, c^^eJiaxB BLiBo;t to draw a conclusion, coBepmiixb no- ciynoK to perform an action, KaK Bac 30ByT? What is your name?, Mbi onosfla- JiH K na^ajiy cneKTaKJiH We were late for the performance, etc. A number of words are followed by the sign <>, after which phrases, proverbs or figurative expressions containing these words are given, e.g. JIlct KaK H3 Be^pa It is raining cats and dogs, Bcero xoporaero All the best, Vm xopomo, a ABa jiynrae Two heads are better than one, etc. The vocabulary comprises some 3,000 of the commonest Russian words. At the end of the Dictionary, thematic word lists are supplied, which widen the scope of the vocabulary. It is hoped that the study of the lexico-grammatical material of the Dic- tionary will provide the necessary foundation for conversation on various everyday subjects and reading of modern Russian fiction and periodicals without consulting a Russian-English dictionary too often. Every article in this Dictionary includes the word under consideration in its initial form and defines it grammatically (either stating what part of speech it is or giving its forms). If a word has several meanings, only the commonest of these are given, each under a separate figure. Homonyms are entered as separate words marked 1, 2, 3, etc. Derivatives are not generally given in the same article as their root words but as caption words, since the Dictionary is based on an exact word count. The part of speech is indicated only in the case of adverbs, numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and particles. Nouns, verbs and adjectives have no such labels, as their grammatical characteristics given in the article define them clearly enough. Nouns are entered in the nominative singular, their gender and the pecu- liarities in the formation of the case forms, if any, are indicated. In the case of an unstable vowel, the genitive singular (e.g. KOB\en, gen. -ua,end) or genitive plural (e.g. naji|Ka, gen. pi. -ok, stick; okho, gen. pi. okoh, window) is supplied. The paradigms of nouns declined irregularly are given in full. Indeclinable nouns are marked indecl. All those forms of nouns in which there is a stress shift are given, e.g. Bo^a, ace. BoAy, water; ctojt, gen. ctoji^, pi. ciojiti, table; etc. Adjectives are entered in the masculine; the feminine, neuter and plural endings following the initial form. The comparative is given only if there are 1* irregularities in its formation (interchange of sounds, suppletion). Short form adjectives are given in the same article as the long form ones. Personal pronouns are followed by their declension paradigms. Possessive and demonstrative pronouns are given in the masculine singular, followed by the feminine, neuter and plural forms. Verbs are entered in the infinitive, followed by the 1st and 2nd persons singular and the 3rd person plural. Cases where a verb form is not used are specially marked, e.g. npoaoJi>KaTbCH to continue, 1st & 2nd pers. not used; no- 6eAiiTb to win, 1st pers. sing, not used, etc. The peculiarities in the formation of the past and the imperative are given. The past is supplied only if it is formed irregularly or if its formation is accompanied by a shift of stress (BesTii to carry — sea, Besjia; bbhtb to take — bbhji, BSflJia). Irregular formations of the imperative are also supplied, e.g. 6HTb to beat — Sen. Aspects of verbs are given in the following manner. In the case of perfec- tive verbs only the infinitive is given, with reference to the imperfective for meaning. Articles containing imperfective forms also include the perfective forms and illustrative examples explaining both forms. After the imperfective forms questions are aupplied helping to determine the government of the verb under consideration and of its perfective counter- part in each of their meanings. If a verb has a different government in one of its meanings, the questions are given for that particular meaning. When a verb is used only in one aspect in one of its meanings, this is always indicated, as well as the cases where the verb has one perfective coun- terpart in one meaning and a different one in another. Questions helping to determine the government of a word are also given after certain nouns, adverbs and adjectives. Assuming that the student will work at the Dictionary simultaneously with studying grammar, forms different from their initial forms are not entered as separate words, e.g. meji (from h^th to go), Bwme (from blicokhh high), MHC (from H /), etc. All such forms can be found in the articles on the ini- tial forms. Exceptions are suppletive forms which are beginning to be used as independent words with a specific meaning (e.g. jiioah people, jiynme better, etc.). In such cases the suppletive forms are entered with reference to their principal forms. Participles and verbal adverbs are not entered at all. In the Supplement, the words are grouped thematically. In the section Names of Nationalities, the head words are the nouns de- noting nationality in the masculine and feminine singular and in the plural. These are followed by the names of the countries and the corresponding adjec- tives, e.g. ^^auny 3 Frenchman, (^paunymeuKa Frenchwoman; ^paLRU,y3hi the French, (DpanuHH France; (J)paHqy3CKHii French. Forms which have not yet become quite stable are not given. Stress is indicated throughout the Dictionary. The primary stress is marked ['], the secondary [']. All the words without independent stress should be merged in pronunciation with the principal word, as xaK me, na ctoji, hc 6 bin, He cxaji, etc. In some cases the pronunciation is given in square brackets. The Compilers THE RUSSUN ALPHABET A a Pp B 6 C c B B T T r r y y (D(|. E e X X E e nn m JK ^ q 3 3 m m H H m m H ii ^ K K hi H JI ji b M M 9 9 H H 10 K) o fl fl n n ABBREVIATIONS ace, accusative n., noun adj., adjective neut., neuter adv., adverb num., numeral ant., antonym p., perfective colloq., colloquial paren., parenthetic comp., comparative pj^rt., participle conj., conjunction pers., person dot., dative philos., philosophy /., feminine pi., plural fig., figurative poss., possessive fut., future pred., predicate gen., genitive predic, predicative i/np., imperfective prep., preposition iniper., imperative prepos., prepositional iinpers., impersonal pron., pronoun indecl., indeclinable q. v., which see inf., infinitive sing., singular instr., instrumental superl., superlative lit., literal usu., usually m., masculine A, a aKa;teMHfl. The Agricultural Academy. yqHXbCfl B aKa^eMiiH. To study at an academy. A conj. and AKKYPATHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -He, short H ynycL b ynnBepcHTeTe, a hg b hh- form aKKypaxen, aKKypaxH|a, -o, CTHTyxe. / study at a university, -m; adv. aKKypaxHo painstaking, and not at an institute. Mm Hsy^aeM punctual pyCCKHH fl3LIK, a OHH aHrJinHCKHH, AKKypaxHMH cxyA^HT. A painstak- We study Russian and they, English. ing, punctual student. IlHcaxb aK- ABryCT m., no pi. August KypaxHO. To write carefully. CeroAHfl AecHToe aBrycTa. Today is AHAJIH3 m. analysis the tenth of August. H npiiexan b AnajiHS H CHHxea. Analysis and aBrycie. / came in August. H npn- synthesis. AnajiHa MejKAynapoflHoro exa.i AecHToro aBrycia. / came on noJiOJKeHHH. An analysis of the in- the tenth of August. ternational ABTOBYC m. bus situation. <> AnajiHS KpoBH. Blood test. Exaxb Ha asToSyce. To go by bus. AHPflHA /., no pi. tonsillitis B aBT66yce mhofo napofly. There y MeHfi anrHHa. / have tonsillitis. are many people in the bus. Bojiexb anrHHOH. To be ill with ABTOMAT m. automatic machine tonsillitis. Tejie(|)6H-aBT0MaT. Public telephone. AIIEJIBCflH m. orange CTanoK-aBTOMax. Automatic machine- BKycHbiH anejibCHH. A tasty orange. tool. KnjiorpaMM anejibCHHOB. A kilo- m. motor-car ABTOMOBflJIb gramme of oranges. Exaxb Ha aBXOMo6HJie. To go by AnJIOAflPIOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiox car. imp. KOMy? He My? to applaud ABTOP m. author AnjiOAHpoBaxb apxiicxy. To applaud Abxoj) KHHrn. The author of a book. an actor. ABTOPyMIKA /., gen. pi. -eK foun- AnilETflT m. appetite tain-pen XopomHH annexHX. A good appe- IlHcaxfc aBTopy^KOH. To write with tite. IIpHHXHoro annexHxal / wish a fountain-pen. you a good appetite! ArPECCflBHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -tie aggres- AIIPEJIB m., no pi. April sive CeroAHfl nepBoe anpeJifl. Today is ArpeccHBHaH nojiiixHKa. An aggres- the first of April. Oh npncAex e sive policy. anpeJie. He will come in April. AFPOHOM m. agronomist ^BaAuaxb xpexbero anpenfl mh ea- PaSoxaxb arpOHOMOM. To work as jlHjiH Ha 3KCKypcHH). We went on an agronomist. an excursion on the twenty-third of AJ^PEC m., pi. -a address April. J[ame mhg sam ^Apec.