EDITION 2017 INDEX Page CHAPTER 1. GEOGRAPHY ................................................................................ 1 1.1. - Location and territorial extension....................................................... 1 1.2. - Municipal division and population ...................................................... 3 1.3. - Communications ................................................................................ 8 1.3.1. - Roads .......................................................................................... 8 1.3.2. - Railways .................................................................................... 10 1.3.3. - Airports ...................................................................................... 10 1.3.4. - Seaports .................................................................................... 11 1.3.5. - Bridges ...................................................................................... 14 1.4. - Energy ............................................................................................. 16 1.5. - Climate ............................................................................................ 16 1.5.1. - Warm Humid Climate with Abundant Rains in Summer (Am) ...... 18 1.5.2. - Warm Sub humid Climate with Rainfalls in Summer A (w) ........... 20 1.5.3. - Meteors ........................................................................................ 22 1.5.3.1. - Tropical ciclones ..................................................................... 22 1.5.3.2. - “Norths” .................................................................................. 22 1.6. - Vegetation ....................................................................................... 22 1.6.1. - Forests ...................................................................................... 23 1.6.1.1. - High Evergreen Forest ........................................................ 23 1.6.1.2. - Medium Sub evergreen Forest ............................................ 28 1.6.1.3. - Low Evergreen forest .......................................................... 29 1.6.1.4. - Low sub-evergreen forest .................................................... 29 1.6.2. - Induced grassland ..................................................................... 30 1.6.3. - Other types of vegetation .......................................................... 30 1.6.3.1. - Savanna .............................................................................. 30 1.6.3.2. - Mangrove ............................................................................ 31 1.6.3.3. - Poplar-tulare ........................................................................ 31 1.6.3.4. - Palms .................................................................................. 33 1.7. - Hydrology ........................................................................................ 33 1.7.1. - Surface hydrology ..................................................................... 34 1.7.1.1. - Coatzacoalcos Hydrologic Region (RH-29) ......................... 36 1.7.1.1.1. - Basin (A) Río Tonalá and Lagunas del Carmen and Machona ......................................................................... 36 1.7.1.2. - Grijalva-Usumacinta Hydrological Region (RH-30) ............. 37 1.7.1.2.1 - Rio Usumacinta Basin (A) .............................................. 37 1.7.1.2.2 - Basin (C) Laguna de Términos ....................................... 38 1.7.1.2.3 - Basin (D) Río Grijalva-Villahermosa ............................... 38 1.7.2. - Groundwater hydrology ............................................................. 39 1.7.2.1 - Areas of exploitation ............................................................. 40 1.7.2.1.1. - 27-01 La Chontalpa ....................................................... 40 1.7.2.1.2. - 27-03 Huimanguillo........................................................ 42 1.7.2.1.3. - 27-04 Macuspana .......................................................... 42 1.7.2.1.4. - 27-05 Los Rios .............................................................. 42 1.7.2.1.5. - 27-06 Sierra ................................................................... 43 1.7.2.1.6. - 27-07 Samaria-Cunduacán ........................................... 43 1.7.2.1.7. - 27-08 Centla .................................................................. 43 1.7.2.2. - Units of permeability ............................................................ 44 1.7.2.2.1 - Unit of consolidated material with permeability medium- high (MA) ........................................................................ 44 1.7.2.2.2. - Unit of consolidated material with medium permeability (M) ................................................................................. 44 1.7.2.2.3. - Unit of material consolidated with low medium permeability (BM)........................................................... 45 1.7.2.2.4. - Unit of not consolidated material with medium high permeability (ma) ............................................................ 45 1.7.2.2.5. - Unit of not consolidated material with medium permeability (m) .............................................................. 45 1.7.2.2.6. - Unit of not consolidated material with medium low permeability (bm) ............................................................ 45 1.7.2.3. - Aquifer potential .................................................................... 45 1.7.2.4. - Ban imposed áreas ............................................................... 46 1.8. - Physiography................................................................................... 46 1.8.1. - Llanura Costera del Golfo Sur Province .................................... 46 1.8.1.1. - Llanuras y Pantanos Tabasqueños Sub province ............... 48 1.8.2. - Province Sierras of Chiapas and Guatemala ............................ 47 1.8.2.1. - Sub province Sierras del Norte de Chiapas ......................... 49 1.8.2.2. - Sub province Low Sierras of the Petén ............................... 50 1.9. - Protected Natural Areas ................................................................. 50 1.9.1. - Pantanos de Centla ................................................................... 53 1.9.2. - Cañón del Usumacinta .............................................................. 57 1.9.3. - Protected Areas under State Jurisdiction .................................. 59 1.9.3.1. - Vegetation, flora and fauna ................................................. 54 1.9.4. - Biosphere Reserve of Ría Celestún .......................................... 54 1.9.4.1. - Vegetation, flora and fauna ................................................. 56 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 58 Í N D E X O F F I G U R E S Page Figure 1. - Tabasco location map ............................................................................2 Figure 2. - Distribution of municipalities in the state of Tabasco..............................6 Figure 3. - Communications ....................................................................................9 Figure 4. - Climate ................................................................................................ 17 Figure 5. - Average temperatures of the state of Tabasco ................................... 19 Figure 6. - Map of annual average precipitation of the state of Tabasco .............. 21 Figure 7. - Vegetation ........................................................................................... 24 Figure 8. - Hydrology ............................................................................................ 35 Figure 9. - Exploitation of underground water areas of tabasco State .................. 41 Figure 10. - Physiographic Provinces ................................................................... 47 Figure 11. - Natural Protected Areas .................................................................... 52 Í N D E X O F T A B L E S Page Table I. - Municipality total population and by sex ................................................ 5 Table II. - Indigenous languages spoken in the entity .......................................... 7 Table III. - Percentage of contribution to GDP State ............................................ 7 Table IV. - Characteristics of the Airfields in the State ....................................... 10 Table V. - General characteristics of infrastructure that has the Dos Bocas Port .................................................................................................... 11 Table VI. - Hydroelectric plants that supply electric power to the State .............. 16 Table VII. - Regions and hydrologic basins of the State ..................................... 34 Table VIII. - Classification by categories of the Protected Natural Areas ........... 51 Table IX. - Protected Natural Areas under Federal and State control 51 Í N D E X O F P H O T O G R A P H S Page Photograph.1. - Olmec Monumental Head (La Venta archaeological zone) Middle Preclassic (1200 - 400 BC) Around 900 BC the monumental sculpture was a tradition that had spread. The so-called colossal heads seem to be exclusive in the nuclear area. These large monoliths, of which 17 are known representing rulers with enough power to legitimize their power so dramatically and proclaim his rank .........................4 Photograph.2. - Panoramic view of the port of Dos Bocas 1.Supply