Core Asterids! Lamiids Part 2! Announcements! MHG Project due Wednesday in lab.! Lecture Review Friday, 2pm, HCK 320.! Lecture Exam next Monday.! Family review & keying practice next Monday during lab.! Final Family ID Exam next Wednesday during lecture time.! Final Keying Exam next Wednesday during lab time.! Phylogeny of Eudicots (or Tricolpates)! Eudicots (or Tricolpates)! !Basal eudicots"! (Soltis et al. 2011)! Phylogeny of Asterids! Asterids! Cornales! ! Cornaceae! Ericales! ! Ericaceae! ! Polemoniaceae! Lamiids:! Campanulids:! Gentianales! Apiales! ! Apocynaceae! Apiaceae! ! Rubiaceae! Dipsacales! Lamiales! Caprifoliaceae! ! Lamiaceae! Asterales! Asteraceae! ! Scrophulariaceae! Campanulaceae! Solanales! ! Solanaceae! Boraginaceae! (APG 2003, Judd & Olmstead 2004, Soltis et al. 2005)! Solanaceae (Potato or Nightshade family)! Solanum tuberosum! potato ! Textbook DVD KRR! Capsicum frutescens! pepper! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Textbook DVD KRR! Solanum lycopersicon! http://tombutton.users.btopenworld.com/potato_1.jpg ! tomato ! http://vegmonkey.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/ulster-sceptre-flowers.jpgRyan Miller! ! Solanaceae (Potato or Nightshade family)! Textbook DVD WSJ! Brugmansia sp.! Angel’s trumpets! Petunia hybrida! Petunia ! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Ryan Miller! http://www.freewebs.com/froglver/Brugmansias/Dr%20Suess%20Brugmansia.jpg Solanaceae (Potato or Nightshade family)! Atropa belladonna! belladonna ! Textbook DVD WSJ! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Nicotiana tabacum! tobacco ! Datura metel! Textbook DVD KRR! jimsonweed! Ryan Miller! Solanaceae (Potato or nightshade family)! Unlike other members of the Asterids, Solanaceae has alkaloids instead of iridoids as a means of chemical defense. ! Alkaloids in various forms gives these plants various uses, including:! ! Culinary (capsaicin = alkaloid in chilies, producing the “hot” flavor)! ! Medicinal (atropine in belladonna)! ! Narcotic (nicotine in tobacco)! ! Hallucinogenic (various alkaloids in jimsonweeds)! ! Poison (nightshade) ! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid! Solanaceae (Potato or Nightshade family)! 102 genera, 2510 species! (Capsicum, Datura, Nicotiana, Petunia, Physalis, Solanum) ! Habit:! http://www.freewebs.com/froglver/Brugmansias/Dr%20Suess%20Brugmansia.jpg Leaves:! Textbook DVD KRR! Solanaceae (Potato or Nightshade family)! Inflorescence:! Flowers:! Sex of plant:! Ben Legler 2004! Solanaceae (Potato or Nightshade family)! Flower symmetry:! Perianth parts:! Textbook DVD KRR! # of stamens:! Ryan Miller! Textbook DVD WSJ! SolanaceaeSolanaceae (Potato(Potato oror Nightshadenightshade family)family)!! Yaowu Yuan! Yaowu Yuan! Note this exceptional genus Solanum! Solanum (~1400 species, 50% of the family) and a few related genera have wheel-shaped corollas & connivent anthers with terminal pores.! What kind of pollination syndrome?! Solanaceae (Potato or Nightshade family)! # of pistils/flower:! # of carpels/pistil:! Ovary position:! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Solanaceae (Potato or Nightshade family)! Fruit type:! G. D. Carr 2002! http://www.aphotoflora.com/DevonandCornwall/Datura%20stramonium-sh-03-09-06.jpg! Phylogeny of Asterids! Asterids! Cornales! ! Cornaceae! Ericales! ! Ericaceae! ! Polemoniaceae! Lamiids:! Campanulids:! Gentianales! Apiales! ! Apocynaceae! Apiaceae! ! Rubiaceae! Dipsacales! Lamiales! Caprifoliaceae! ! Lamiaceae! Asterales! Asteraceae! ! Scrophulariaceae! Campanulaceae! Solanales! ! Solanaceae! Boraginaceae! (APG 2003, Judd & Olmstead 2004, Soltis et al. 2005)! Lamiaceae/Labiatae (Mint family)! TextbookTextbook DVD DVD KRR KRR & DLN! ! Textbook DVD KRR! Lavendula stoechas! Nepeta cataria! lavender! catnip! Ryan Miller! Lamiaceae/Labiatae (Mint family)! 252 genera, 6800 species! (Lavandula, Mentha, Nepeta, Ocimum, Origanum, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Thymus) ! Habit:! Ben Legler 2004! Leaves:! Ben Legler! http://wildeherb.com/images/basil_opposite.jpg! Lamiaceae/Labiatae (Mint family)! Inflorescence:! verticil: arrangement of similar parts around a central axis, e.g. whorls of flowers.! Flowers:! Sex of plant:! Textbook DVD KRR! Textbook DVD DLN! Lamiaceae/Labiatae (Mint family)! Flower symmetry:! Yaowu Yuan! Yaowu Yuan! Perianth parts:! Textbook DVD KRR! Lamiaceae/Labiatae (Mint family)! # of stamens:! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Ben Legler! Lamiaceae/Labiatae (Mint family)! # of pistils/flower:! # of carpels/pistil:! Ovary position:! Textbook DVD KRR! Lamiaceae/Labiatae (Mint family)! Fruit type:! Yaowu Yuan! Textbook DVD JRA! Textbook DVD WSJ! “ Scrophulariaceae” s.l. (Figwort family)! This family always has been difficult to characterize by any explicit characters. It seems to have the generalized reproductive morphology of the large order Lamiales, which has ca. 20 families. ! Recently, Olmstead et al. have determined " the family is polyphyletic and it is has been reclassified into several families: ! Scrophulariaceae s.s.! Orobanchaceae! Veronicaceae (or Plantaginaceae)! Calceolariaceae! Stilbaceae! Phrymaceae! (Olmstead et al. 2001)! “ Scrophulariaceae” s.l. (Figwort family)! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Antirrhinum majus! Digitalis purpurea! snapdragon ! Textbook DVD KRR! foxglove ! Textbook DVD DLN! Ryan Miller! “ Scrophulariaceae” s.l. (Figwort family)! 269 genera, 5100 species! (Antirrhinum, Castilleja, Digitalis, Mimulus, Penstemon) ! Habit:! Yaowu Yuan! Leaves:! http://kristamaxwell.com/garden/photos2.html! “ Scrophulariaceae” s.l. (Figwort family)! Textbook DVD JDS! Yaowu Yuan! Castilleja sp.! Indian paintbrush! hemiparasite ! Orobanche uniflora! Oneflowered broomrape! holoparasite ! http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/Orobanchaceae/images/Agalinis.SEM3.JPEG! “ Scrophulariaceae” s.l. (Figwort family)! Inflorescence:! Flowers:! Sex of plant:! Ben Legler 2004! G. D. Carr 2006! “ Scrophulariaceae” s.l. (Figwort family)! Flower symmetry:! Perianth parts:! G. D. Carr 2006! Textbook DVD KRR! Textbook DVD KRR & DLN! Textbook DVD KRR! “ Scrophulariaceae” s.l. (Figwort family)! # of stamens:! G. D. Carr 2006! staminode (infertile stamen)! Textbook DVD KRR! Textbook DVD KRR! “ Scrophulariaceae” s.l. (Figwort family)! Verbascum sp. ! mullein! Yaowu Yuan! Note this exceptional genus with nearly actinomorphic corollas and 5 equal stamens! ! “ Scrophulariaceae” s.l. (Figwort family)! # of pistils/flower:! # of carpels/pistil:! Ovary position:! Textbook DVD KRR! “ Scrophulariaceae” s.l. (Figwort family)! Fruit type:! Textbook DVD KRR! Textbook DVD MHS! Antirrhinum majus! snapdragon ! Linaria macroccana! toadflax!.