Invasive alien species – framework for the identification of invasive alien species of EU concern ENV.B.2/ETU/2013/0026 Lithobates (Rana) catesbeianus (Riccardo Scalera) Contractor: Natural Environment Research Council Project leader: Helen Roy - Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK; Tel: +44 1491 692252; Fax: + 44 1491 692424; Email: [email protected] Invasive alien species – framework for the identification of invasive alien species of EU concern (ENV.B.2/ETU/2013/0026) Report authors Helen Roy CEH Karsten Schonrogge CEH Hannah Dean CEH Jodey Peyton CEH Etienne Branquart Belgian Biodiversity Platform Sonia Vanderhoeven Belgian Biodiversity Platform Gordon Copp CEFAS Paul Stebbing CEFAS Marc Kenis CABI Wolfgang Rabitsch EAA Franz Essl EAA Stefan Schindler EAA Sarah Brunel EPPO Marianne Kettunen IEEP Leonardo Mazza IEEP Ana Nieto IUCN James Kemp IUCN Piero Genovesi ISSG Riccardo Scalera ISSG Alan Stewart University of Sussex Page 2 of 298 Invasive alien species – framework for the identification of invasive alien species of EU concern (ENV.B.2/ETU/2013/0026) Acknowledgements The project team is grateful to the European Commission for funding this study. Particular thanks to Valentina Bastino and Myriam Dumortier for their invaluable support and guidance throughout. Thanks also to Niall Moore and Olaf Booy (GB Non-Native Species Secretariat) for contributions in relation to the GB NNRA. The Project team would also like to gratefully acknowledge the many other experts who contributed to the study particularly through the workshop and contribution of case studies (Tim Blackburn, Dan Minchin, Wolfgang Nentwig, Sergej Olenin, Hanno Sandvik). Additionally, thanks to Sandro Bertolino, Adriano Martinoli, Lucas Wauters, John Gurnell and Peter Lurz, for testing on the Grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) the GB NNRA protocol for risk assessment updated further to the results of this study. Page 3 of 298 Invasive alien species – framework for the identification of invasive alien species of EU concern (ENV.B.2/ETU/2013/0026) Contents Report authors ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 3 Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 8 Task 1: Literature review and critical assessment of existing risk assessment methodologies on IAS ................................................................................................................................................. 8 Task 2: Develop minimum standards for risk assessment methodologies .................................. 9 Task 3: Risk assessment workshop ............................................................................................. 10 Task 4: Screening of existing risk assessment methodologies ................................................... 12 Task 5: Screening of potential “IAS of EU Concern” and proposal of a list ................................ 13 Concluding remarks and key recommendations ........................................................................ 14 Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................. 16 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................. 19 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 20 General approach ................................................................................................................................. 23 Task 1: Literature review and assessment of existing risk assessment methodologies on IAS ............ 25 Task overview ............................................................................................................................. 25 Task 1.1: Review scope of current risk assessments for developing minimum standards ........ 25 International standards: informing the development of minimum standards ................ 30 Identification of relevant risk assessment protocols .................................................................. 33 Case studies of selected protocols ............................................................................................. 44 1. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Decision- support scheme (DSS) for quarantine pests (Text provided by S. Brunel) ............. 44 2. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Prioritization Process for invasive alien plants (Text provided by S. Brunel)............................... 46 3. Invasive Species Environmental Risk Assessment (ISEIA) (Text provided by E. Branquart) .............................................................................................................. 47 4. Harmonia+ (Text provided by B. D’hondt and E. Branquart) .................................. 48 5. Pandora+ – a risk screening procedure for IAS-hosted pathogens and parasites (Text provided by B. D’hondt) ................................................................................ 50 6. Great Britain Non-native Species Risk Assessment (GB NNRA) (Text provided by O. Booy) ...................................................................................................................... 51 7. German-Austrian Black List Information System (GABLIS) (Text provided by W. Rabitsch) ................................................................................................................. 52 8. Norwegian alien species impact assessment (Text provided by H. Sandvik) ......... 53 Page 4 of 298 Invasive alien species – framework for the identification of invasive alien species of EU concern (ENV.B.2/ETU/2013/0026) 9. Generic Impact Scoring System GISS (Text provided by W. Nentwig) ................... 54 10. The Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts (“IUCN Black List”) (Text provided by T. Blackburn) ........ 55 11. Environmental risk assessment for plant pests (Text provided by M. Kenis) ........ 56 12. The BINPAS impact assessment system of the AquaNIS database (Text provided by D. Minchin and S. Olenin) .................................................................................. 57 13. Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) (Text provided by G. Copp) ........................ 59 14. European Non-native Species in Aquaculture Risk Analysis Scheme (ENSARS) [text provided by G. Copp] ............................................................................................. 60 Brief notes on other European assessment protocols ............................................................... 62 Freshwater Invertebrate Invasiveness Scoring Kit (FI-ISK) ............................................... 62 Managing non-native fish in the environment ................................................................. 62 Brief notes on non-European risk assessment protocols ........................................................... 63 Australian Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) ........................................................................ 63 Risk assessment models for vertebrate introductions to Australia ................................. 63 Trinational Risk Assessment for Aquatic Alien Invasive Species ...................................... 64 Task 1.2 Identify gaps and scope in risk assessment .................................................................. 64 Task overview ............................................................................................................................. 64 Summary: Task 1 ......................................................................................................................... 66 Task 2: Develop minimum standards for risk assessment methodologies ........................................... 68 Task overview ............................................................................................................................. 68 Task 2.1: Produce a database of criteria from the risk assessment review in Task 1 to inform recommendation of minimum standards ................................................................................... 68 Task 2.2: Proposed and agreed minimum standards ................................................................. 71 Summary: Task 2 ......................................................................................................................... 72 Task 3: Risk assessment workshop ....................................................................................................... 74 Task overview ............................................................................................................................. 74 Task 3.1: Identify and approve experts to attend the workshop ............................................... 74 Selection of experts .......................................................................................................... 74