International Journal of Pharma Research & Review, April 2015; 4(4):28-40 ISSN: 2278-6074 Review Article Nanotechnology: An Advance Tool for Nano-cosmetics Preparation *Nirvesh Chaudhri, Girish C. Soni, S. K. Prajapati Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi-284002, Uttar Pradesh India. ABSTRACT Nanotechnology represents one of the most capable technologies of the 21st century. Recently Nanotechnology is emerging in the field of cosmetics and it offers a revolutionize treatment of several skin diseases. It is proved effective in attaining safe and targeted delivery of active medicaments as well cosmetic ingredients. Use of carrier system in nanotechnology has added advantage of improved skin penetration, depot effect with sustained release drug action. The trend toward therapeutic cosmetics will lead to a better understanding of modern ingredients and their assessment techniques. To obtain skin care formulations with real consumer-perceivable benefits and to optimize sensory attributes, formulators are resorting to technology that until recently was exclusively used in cosmetic products. Various formulations comes under special delivery systems like Vesicular, Particulate systems, emulsions type Particulate type and other delivery systems along with their applications are shown in this article. The applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials can be found in many cosmetic products including moisturizers, hair care products, make up and sunscreen. Many modern cosmetic or sunscreen products contain nano-sized components. Nanomaterials are now being used in leading cosmetic products, most commonly as chemicals used to give the protection in sunscreens. This review paper looks into some of the nanotechnologies used in the cosmetic industry and provides an overview of current activity in this area. Thus, novel cosmaceutical delivery systems reviewed here possess enormous potential as next- generation smarter carrier systems. Keywords: Application, nanocarriers, nano-cosmetics products, nanomaterials, safety data Received 19 Feb 2015 Received in revised form 06 March 2015 Accepted 08 March 2015 *Address for correspondence: Nirvesh Chaudhri, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi-284002, Uttar Pradesh India. E-mail: [email protected] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is nothing but the so that they take on new properties fundamental understanding about how compared to their larger form. The materials react or works at nano scale (i.e. technology has the potential to transform at atomic, molecular or subatomic level) in many of the everyday consumer products the creation and utilization of structures, that we use and a wide range of products devices and systems that have novel are already on the market. Nano-cosmetics properties and functions. Nanotechnology is one area of particular interest as new deals with manipulation of structures of types of products can be made using nano matter in the size range of 1-100 materials. UV filters used in sunscreens nanometers. Particles of these size ranges produced in nano form, these materials are called as nanoparticles which are having could be more hazardous and behave one or more external dimensions or an differently in the body compared to larger internal structure, on the nanoscale and forms. could exhibit novel characteristics Nanotechnology entered the field of compared to the same material without cosmetics and health products nearly 40 nanoscale features [1]. years ago with liposome moisturizing Nanotechnology is a key technology leading creams. The increased usage of to product innovation. Nanotechnologies nanomaterials in cosmetic products is use materials on an incredibly small scale indicative of the huge potential Nirvesh Chaudhri et.al, IJPRR 2015; 4(4) 28 International Journal of Pharma Research & Review, April 2015; 4(4):28-40 ISSN: 2278-6074 nanotechnology represents for the Advantages: cosmetics industry and its consumers. A Use of nanotechnology in cosmetics is number of nanomaterials types are already aimed to make fragrances last longer, in use, including nanoemulsions and sunscreens more effective and anti-ageing nanoparticles of minerals present in our creams. natural environment, such as titanium To optimize manufacturing conditions for dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), alumina, skin care formulation, a multi component silver, silicon dioxide, calcium fluoride and system. copper. The unique properties and To prevent hair from turning grey and behaviour of nanomaterials mean that also for prevention of in treatment of hair nanotechnologies could profoundly loss & used to preserve active ingredients, transform industry and everyday life [2]. such as vitamins and anti-oxidants, and Nanoemulsions, for example, are their lightness and transparency. transparent and have particular rheological To improve the UV protection in properties that have yet to be obtained by combination with organic sunscreens other formulation methods. This allows such as 2- hydroxy-4-methoxy them to increase the content of nutritious benzophenone this allows a reduction of oils while preserving not only the the concentration of the UV absorber. transparency but also the lightness of Nano materials used as UV filters in formulas. Certain mineral nanoparticles, sunscreen products do have to be such as TiO2 and ZnO, are highly efficient independently assessed, but we found UV-filters, able to reflect and scatter the nano zinc oxide in use, although it has not visible part of solar radiation while yet been fully assessed [5]. absorbing UV light. Given these properties, Another advantage is the small-sized they are extensively used in sunscreens. droplet with its high surface area allowing Other examples of nanocosmetic products effective transport of the active to the skin. on the market include body firming lotion, Furthermore, nanoemulsions gain bronzer, exfoliant scrub, eye liner, and increasing interest due to their own styling gel, etc. Nanoemulsions have bioactive effects. This may reduce the recently become increasingly important as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), potential vehicles for the controlled indicating that the barrier function of the delivery of cosmetics and for the optimized skin is strenghthened. Nanoemulsions are dispersion of active ingredients in acceptable in cosmetics because there is no particular skin layers. Due to their lipophilic inherent creaming, sedimentation, interior, Nanoemulsions are more suitable flocculation, or coalescence that is observed for the transport of lipophilic compounds with macroemulsions. It is relatively recent than liposomes. Nano-pigments are custom but fast growing field of application: built to stay on the surface of the skin and emulsion-based wet wipes for such are a major component of some sunscreens. applications as baby care and make-up The third class of non-enhanced cosmetics removal [6]. includes fullerenes or fullersomes that are Disadvantages: used as cages for active ingredients. Only Smaller particles have a greater reactivity, two companies claim to use fullerenes in are more chemically reactive and produce their cosmetics. Some fullerenes, greater numbers of reactive oxygen specifically carbon based, might be species. hazardous when inhaled and they may It may result in oxidative stress, oxidize some cells. In addition, they can be inflammation, and consequent damage to absorbed transdermally, i.e., through the proteins, membranes and DNA. skin. Nano-emulsions have attracted Nanomaterial has proved toxic to human considerable attention in recent years as tissue and cell cultures, resulting in potential vehicles for the controlled increased oxidative stress and cell death. delivery of cosmetics and personal care Photo-activated Nanoparticles titanium products [3, 4]. dioxide has been demonstrated to cause Nirvesh Chaudhri et.al, IJPRR 2015; 4(4) 29 International Journal of Pharma Research & Review, April 2015; 4(4):28-40 ISSN: 2278-6074 oxidative damage to DNA in cultured from oil-in water concentrate suited to human fibroblasts. minimizing trans-epidermal water loss, Photo-activated titanium dioxide enhanced skin protection and penetration nanoparticles were toxic to skin of active ingredient. It would be useful for fibroblasts and nucleic acids and to sun care products, moisturing and anti- human colon carcinoma cells. ageing creams. It helps to give skin care Inhaled ultrafine particles induce formulations a good skin feels [8]. pulmonary inflammation when the Nanoparticles particles are quartz, minerals, dust, coal, Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are silicate, and asbestos. These can induce nanometre sized particles with a solid lipid pulmonary fibrosis, cytotoxicity, and even matrix. They are oily droplets of lipids malignancy [6, 7]. which are solid at body temperature and ADVANCES IN COSMETIC FORMULATION stabilized by surfactants. TECHNOLOGY Nanoparticles of silver are now used in There are number of innovative cosmetic toothpastes, soaps and face creams, food delivery systems used in cosmetic products. packaging, clothing, household appliances, Nanoemulsion disinfectants and wound dressings. Silver The aesthetic properties, i.e. low viscosity nanoparticles have a potent ability to kill and transparent visual aspects of bacteria. Other examples of nano cosmetic nanoemulsion with droplet sizes