HUGHES ADV AIRBORNE UlFACTURER Hughes Advanced Airborne Computer Model III Hughes Aircraft Company Photo by Hughe s Aircraft Company APPLICATIONS AR ITHMETI C UNIT Control of aircraft and aircraft equipment. In the Exclud Stor Access specific application for which the computer was Micro sec built, it performs navigation, flight control, and Add time 200 weapons control, receiving target and flight data as Mult time 1,700 inputs and generating flight and weapons control Div time 1,700 signals as outputs. The system was developed for Construction Vacuum tubes the U. S. Air Force for automatic control use in Rapid access word registers 3 high speed aircraft. Basic pulse repetition rate 162 Kc/sec Arithmetic mode Serial Timing Synchronous with PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM magnetic drum Internal number system Binary Operation Sequential Binary digits/word 17 Binary digitS/instruction 17 Binary digitS/instruction STORAGE not decoded 2 Media Words Access Microsec Instructions per word 1 Magnetic Drum 1,984 3,750 average Arithmetic system Fixed point Magnetic Drum 8 400 average Instruction type Modified two address Total capacity is 37,648 binary digits. All programs are coded for minimal latency. HUGHES ADVANCED AIRBORNE III 300 Photo by Highes Aircraft Company INPUT The arithmetic and control unit of the computer Medium Speed occupies approximately 0.6 cu ft and weighs 20 Ibs. Analog D. C. Voltage 200 micro sec O-lOOV D. C. other analog inputs are available. This is used RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE, as a control computer with analog inputs and outputs; AND TIME AVAILABILITY however, paper tape is used as an additional input Ratio of good time to unscheduled down time is medium. approximately 9. The computer is part of a complete control system. The characteristics of the computer is determined by OUTPUT the characteristics required by the system in which Medium it is to be used. Analog D. C. Voltage O-lOOV D. C. The flip flops and diode matrices are mounted on Other analog outputs are available. Magnetic tape individual plug-in wafers and standardized as much as ultimately feeding a Flexowriter is used as an aux­ possible so that the bulk of the computer is a multi­ iliary output. plicity of a few basic components. Etched circuits and subminiature tubes are used throughout. CI RCU tT ELEMENTS OF ENTI RE SYSTEM Tubes 481 Crystal diodes 3,364 I NSTAllATI ONS Hughes Aircraft Company Culver City, California POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Power, computer 1.5 Kw Volume, computer 5 cu ft 30l HUGHES ADVANCED AIRBORNE III HUGHES 8M GU I DANG E MANUFACTU RER Hughes Ballistic Missile Guidance Computer Hughes Aircraft Company Digital Systems Departme:o.t Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company APPLICATIONS OUTPUT System is a special purpose computer for guidance Media Speed of ballistic missiles. It performs steering and Digital 81.6 KilOCYcle/sec To pre-launch computer timing calculations for the missile. Digital 50 Pulses/sec To missile Pulsed To missile STORAGE No. of No. of Access Medium Words Digits Microsec POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION M~gnetic Cores 16 280 625 max. Power, computer 0.030 Kw Wired problem constants and programming. Volume, computer 0.4 cu ft Area, computer 1.1 sq ft Weight, computer 231bs INPUT Media Speed Special Digital 81.6 Kilocycles/sec Controlled by pre-launch digital computer Incremental Accelerometers 800 pulses/sec HUGBES BM GUIDANCE 302 Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE, AND TIME AVAILABILITY ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Estimated mean-time-to-failure is greater than Outstanding features include small volume, weight, 1000 hours. power dissipation and high reliability. All solid Above figures based on period from Feb 59 to May 60. state components, and replaceable subassemblies. Date this system passed Customer Acceptance Test: Adopted procedures for storage, shipping, and pro­ Development Apr Final Jan 59, 60. tection from humidity, temperature, and physiCal, Time is not available for rent to outside organiza­ electrical, fire, or other damages include molded tions. polyurethene pads between subassemblies for shock Development model was operated continuously for absorption and thermal conductivity. 2200 hours with no failures. Special purpose digital differential analyzer, fixed programmed using "nor" logic elements. Consists of 21 logic cards, 2 clock cards, 2 input cards, 4 mag­ netic core cards, with redundant. etching and connec­ tors and 1 special "shift drive and oscillator" assembly. 303 WGHES EM GUIDANCE HUGHES D PAT MANUFACTU RER Hu.ghes Drum Progrrumned Automatic Tester Hughes Aircraf-C Company Digital Systems Department Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company APPLICATIONS System is used for automatic testing, checkout, fault isolation, sequencing and control of missiles, aircraft, vehicles, and electronic equipment. NEX'f CHANNEL OPERATION .AND ADDI­ SECTORS TIONAL SECTORS TO TO PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM DELA.Y DELAY Internal number system Binary DESTINATION SOURCE Bj.nary digits/word 19 Binary digits/instruction 19 Automatic built-in subroutines Instructions/word 1 Operator's console scanning and branching Instructions decoded 40 Visual display output Arithmetic system Fixed point Printer output Instruction type Modified three address Input selecti9n and measurement Number range 18 Frequency measurement (1 - 2- ) to - 1 Bulk loading from tape Registers 4 word register for frequency and time interval measurements 32 word register for digital and analog outputs Hughes Drum Programmed Automatic Tester ARITHMETIC UNIT OUTPUT Operation Exclud. Store Access Media Speed Microsec. Contact Closures 40 char/sec Add 84 1 to 10 bits/character Mult 84!bit Transistor switches 168 microsec/char Div 84!bit 1 to 10 bits/character Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Decimal readout panel 25 millisec/char Vacuum-tubes 0 8 decimal digits plus sign Transistors 975 Analog Voltages Diodes 6,300 Programmable A-C or D-C Magnetic Cores 60 Arithmetic mode Serial Timing Synchronous, Computer clock pulses re- CI RCU tT ELEMENTS OF ENTI RE SYSTEM corded on magnetic drum memory Type Quantity Operation Sequential Tubes o Diodes (Crystal) 5,400 All times given in table above exclude access tj~e Transistors 1,800 to command. There are three l-word accumulators, Magnetic Cores 60 two 4-word circulating registers, one 16-word cir­ / culating register, and two 32-word circulating reg­ ". r' isters. The two's complement system of arithmetic CHECKI NG FEATURES is used. Set of diagnostic test routines STORAGE Subunit checking facilities Single order simulation with toggle switching No. of Access Partial program Media Words Microsec Magnetic Drum 40,640 84 - 26,880 Built-in test and maintenance equipment. Self­ Magnetic Core 3 84 test program stored in memory to provide complete Magnetic Drum 8 84 - 336 verification and fault isolation. Magnetic Drum 16 84 - 1,344 Magnetic Drum 64 84 - 2,688 All stored words are 19 binary digits POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Power, computer 0.3 Kw Volume, computer 68 cu ft Area, computer 17 sq ft INPUT Weight, computer 1,800 lbs Media Speed No special site preparations required. A 120/208, Analog Voltages 6000 samples/sec 3-phase, 4-wire, 400 cps power required. A-C and D-C voltages Pulse and Analog Volt 0.1 cps to 1 Mcps Frequency measurements Off-On Signals 6000 samples/sec Decimal Keyboard Manual Paper Tape Reader 400 char/sec Magnetic Drum Loading 305 Hug.lJ.es Drum Programmed Automatic Tester HUGHES DIGITAIR MANUFACTURER Hughes Digital Airborne Computer Hughes Aircraft Company Digital Systems Department Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company APPLICATIONS Computer is used for real-time computing and con­ PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM trol in complex aircraft systems. The computer in­ Internal number system Binary cludes extensive analog and digital input-output Number binary digits/word 17 capability. In the application for which it was Number binary digits/instruction 17 designed, the computer performs automatic aircraft Number instructions/word 1 control, navigation, attack steering, weapon control, Arithmetic system Fixed point intercept computation, data-link processing, and Instruction type Three address automatic system testing, for Air Force interceptors. X-Modified In this application, the program and input-output Number range - 1 to (+ 1 _ 2-17) are closely integrated with other electronic and Instruction word format mechanical portions of the system. 9 bits - relative 4 bits-source 4 bits-desti- address of next order for data nation for transfer data transfer 8 bits - instruction other than data transfer HUGHES DIGI'r.Am. 306 Automatic built-in subroutines include input con­ 925008 3, 827 version (analog, digital data link) and output con­ 925010 () version (analog, digital) (independent of program). 9250ll Automatic coding includes conversion from mnemonic Diodes are Hughes type code to memory-loading tapes and program documents, Transistors o via punched-card machinery. System is normally pro­ Magnetic Cores 51 grammed in minimum-latency fashion. Registers and B-boxes include 3 one-word registers, 2 multiword circulating registers for fast-access CHECKI NG FEATURES storage, 1 multiword circulating register for out­ Checking features include a fully automatic self­ puts, and 1 multiword circulating register for data test program, remotely initiatable, making use of link. built-in self-test features. Semi-automatic diagnos­ tic program diagnoses faults to one or two units. External equipment (ground-based) used for detailed ARITHMETIC UNIT diagnosis in conjunction with semi-automatic diag­ Operation Incl. Stor. Access Exclud. Stor. Access nostic program. Microsec Microsec Add 210 105 POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Mult variable-105 + 105!bit 105 per bit-variable Div variable-105 + 105!bit 105 per bit-variable Volume, computer 3.2 cu ft Volume, input-output 3.3 cu ft Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Weight, computer 122 lbs Vacuum-tubes 182 Weight, input-output 178 lbs Transistors None Weight, total 3001bs Condenser-Diodes 1,926 System mounted in aircraft electronics racks Magnetic Cores 51 Arithmetic mode Serial STORAGE PRODUCTION RECORD Computer is in large scale production No.