REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF INTERIOR TURKISH NATIONAL POLICE Anti-Smuggling and Organized Crime Department 2013 NATIONAL REPORT (2012 data) TO THE EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point TURKEY New Development, Trends and in-depth information on selected issues TURKISH MONITORING CENTRE FOR DRUGS AND DRUG ADDICTION (TUBİM) REITOX 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... 2 TURKISH NATIONAL FOCAL POINT STAFF PREPARING THE REPORT ........................... 7 DATA PROVIDING AGENCIES AND AGENCY REPRESENTATIVES ................................... 9 ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................. 12 SECTION A ............................................................................................................................ 15 NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS ................................................................................ 15 SECTION 1 ............................................................................................................................ 15 DRUG POLICY: LAWS, STRATEGIES AND ECONOMIC ANALYSES ................................ 15 1.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 15 1.2. Legal Framework ......................................................................................................... 24 1.2.1. New regulations in the Field of Fighting against Drugs (Laws, Directives, Notices, and Other Practices) ....................................................................................................... 24 1.2.1.1. Laws ............................................................................................................... 24 1.2.1.2. Directives ........................................................................................................ 25 1.2.1.3. Circulars .......................................................................................................... 26 1.2.1.4. Other Practices ............................................................................................... 27 1.2.1.5. Recommendations .......................................................................................... 28 1.3. Assessment of National Drug Policy and Strategy Document and Action Plans, and Coordination ....................................................................................................................... 29 1.3.1. National Drug Policy and Strategy Document and Action Plan .............................. 29 1.3.1.1. National Drug Policy and Strategy Document (2013-2018) ............................. 30 1.3.1.2. National Drug Action Plan Document (2013-2015) .......................................... 32 1.3.1.3. Provincial Drug Action Plans at Local Level .................................................... 33 1.3.2. Implementation and Assessment of National Drug Policy and Strategy Document and Action Plan ............................................................................................................... 33 1.3.3. Developments on Other Drug Policies ................................................................... 35 1.3.4. Coordination Related Adjustments ........................................................................ 39 1.3.4.1. National Coordination ...................................................................................... 39 1.3.4.2. Local Coordination .......................................................................................... 42 1.4. Economic Analyses ...................................................................................................... 44 1.4.1. Public Expenses .................................................................................................... 44 1.4.2. Budget ................................................................................................................... 46 2 1.4.3. Social Costs .......................................................................................................... 47 SECTION 2 ............................................................................................................................ 48 PREVALENCE OF DRUG USE: RISK FACTORS AND PERCEPTIONS .............................. 48 2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 48 2.2. Drug Use In The General Population ........................................................................... 48 2.2.2. Drug Use According to Tobacco, Alcohol and Pharmaceutical Drug Use without Physician Recommendation ............................................................................................ 51 2.2.3. Cannabis Use ........................................................................................................ 52 2.2.4. Perception of Substance Use ................................................................................ 54 2.2.5. Results .................................................................................................................. 56 2.3. Use Of Substance In Schools And Among Young Population ...................................... 57 2.4. Use Of Drugs Among Special Groups / National And Local Regulations ...................... 57 SECTION 3 ............................................................................................................................ 58 PREVENTION ........................................................................................................................ 58 3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 58 3.2. Environmental Prevention ............................................................................................ 59 3.2.1. Regulations on Tobacco and Alcohol Control Policies ........................................... 60 3.2.1.1. Regulations on Tobacco Control Policies ........................................................ 60 3.2.1.2. Regulations on Alcohol Control Policies .......................................................... 63 3.3. Universal Prevention .................................................................................................... 65 3.3.1. School-Based Prevention ...................................................................................... 65 3.3.2. Family-Based Prevention ....................................................................................... 67 3.3.3. Community-Based Prevention ............................................................................... 68 3.4. Group Based Prevention in Groups and Environments under Risk .............................. 69 3.4.1. Risk Groups ........................................................................................................... 69 3.4.2. Families at Risk ..................................................................................................... 69 3.4.3. Recreational Settings ............................................................................................ 70 3.5. Individual-Based Prevention......................................................................................... 70 3.6. Campaigns in National and Local Media ...................................................................... 70 3.7. Prevention Activities throughout Turkey Carried Out by TUBİM Provincial Contact Points ................................................................................................................................. 71 SECTION 4 ............................................................................................................................ 74 PROBLEM DRUG ABUSE..................................................................................................... 74 4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 74 4.2. Estimations on Prevalence of Problem Drug Use and Incidence .................................. 75 4.3. Problem Drug Users data Received from Sources Other Than Treatment ................... 77 3 SECTION 5 ............................................................................................................................ 78 DRUG ADDICTION TREATMENT ......................................................................................... 78 5.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 78 5.2. Overview, Eligibility And Quality Assurance ................................................................. 79 5.2.1. Strategy and Policy ................................................................................................ 79 5.2.2. Treatment Systems ............................................................................................... 80 5.3. Access to Treatment ................................................................................................... 82 5.3.1. Characteristics of Patients under Treatment .......................................................... 84 5.3.1. Tendencies of Patients under Treatment ............................................................... 86 SECTION 6 ...........................................................................................................................