P R E F A C E I H A V E tri ed i n the followi n g Tract to mak e u s e of all th e m a er a e an ear o n th e e d e t i l xt t that b s subj ct , though , oubtl ss , m e h as e a e m n so sc p d y otice . I h ave man y ack n owle dgmen ts to m a ke to those wh o h ave readily given me i n formation dur i n g th e preparatio n th e r of wo k . I n p articular my gra te ful th an ks are d ue to th e Bishop r an d who m n er e m of Mo ay Ross, has ost ki dly ov look d y “ t ra n slatio n s of the E a st Syria n O rder f or renewi n g t he “ Holy Leaven a n d t he We st Sy r i an Fo rm f or prepari ng ” th e ar rea a n d m a n t he er an c or Euch istic b d , ki g v y m y re n ere n e e ar A m an e ctio s which w c ss y . lso y th ks ar d ue r n b h o m M . Co e re rd w . a e n er to F . C y of Oxfo , ost g ously e m a ra n n er a n as et plac d at y dispos l his t slatio s of c t i , y A r n n e e n en . u publish d , m ia docum ts “ Th e Syri ac text from which the W est Syrian Form f o r p re p ar i n g the Euch ar istic b read is tran slated was r re for m a he e Dr . ram e t A r n p ocu d by Wig , H d of ssy ia M n issio . “ Th e East Syrian Order of th e p reparation of th e rm n M r Oblatio n is re pri n ted h ere by p e issio of r . B ight m r r an a nd the D elegate s of t h e Oxfor d Un ive sity P e ss . Most of t he photographs of Easte rn b reads were p ro PRE FA C E Th f m b r ma n . e u an a n re e k c ure d or e y Mr . B ight R ssi d G r read ra the a er O thodox b s , photog phs of which , with P ssov n N h me Mr . e m a e ere ma e f or . ort a c k , w d by C F Ol y of p e he Re v H P n e t o n ere n r r t . , w ki dly p ocu d by J y s n n Cli to . I would like to ad d th a t it is e xtre mely d ifli cult to get a ccur at e an d t r ustwo rthy i n fo rmatio n as to de tails i n the u se s the ff ere n a ern r e I thi n k e er and of di t E st Chu ch s . , how v , e a I a e n ot een u an m re re e n a n . hop , th t h v b g ilty of y is p s t tio s C O N T E N T S P AG E I T E S S O F T HE H . H U E C HUR C H B E FORE T E S C H I S M O F EA S T A N D W E S T T H E V I I . C O N TRO ER S Y B ETW E EN EA S T A N D WE S T I I A N I . E N G L D I V S N S A . T H E EA TE R C H URC H E (W I T H C E RT I N DOC U M ENTs ) . LI ST OF I LLUSTRATI ON S ' j EWI SH PAS SOV ER- CAK E Fr on ti spzece F AC I N G P AG E GREE K ORTH OD OX : EUCHARI STIC B REA D A ND EULOGIA (JERU S ALEM) RUSS IAN : EUCHARI STIC B REA D A N D LOAF OFFERE D FOR SP ECI AL P URPOS E S COPTIC EUCHARI STI C LOAF THE MAUN D Y THURS DA Y EULOGI A (COPTI C) A B Y S S INI AN EUCHARI STI C B REA D W E ST S Y RI AN (JACOB ITE) LOAF ARMENIA N W AFER EA S T S Y RI AN (NE S TORIAN) LOAVE S T HE B R E A D O F T H E E U C HA R I S T THE USES OF THE CHURCH BEFORE THE SCHISM OF E A ST A ND WEST TH E matte r requisite f o r t he d ue cele b rat io n of t he Euch ar ist a a n n e is b re d d Wi . rea a a e ma e e e n a n a r B d i s c k d of Wh at flou r d w t e . It h as ee n mar f o r a e ad d to t the e rm e n b custo y , g s , to his f t o r of l eave n to c ause the l a f to ise . A m n th e e ea e ne re a was i n r n ar o g J ws , though l v d b d o di y use f or er a n re u e r n e i n re ad w as , c t i ligio s Obs va c s which b t he rea e was n ea e n e I n e as e us ed b d so us d u l v d . som c s i n w hich it was used t h e omissio n of l e ave n h ad some r n n he a r i n er S e a a S e a . at t e p ci l histo ic l ig ifica c , g P ssov ; oth e u as the r n n e th e e re d a n d th e use cas s , s ch o di a c of Sh wb a , rea i n a r e n e e n e read was e r a of b d s c ific , u l av d b us d p ob bly f r h e n e n e n e as ee n e e r o t e . sak of co v i c , k pi g b tt I n th e Ch risti a n Ch urch th e re h ave lo ng bee n two di ff ere n t customs i n t he use of b read f o r th e pu rpose s o f t h e r Th e r e n al ur e a e e rd n r Eucha ist . O i t Ch ch s h v us d o i a y e a e n ed rea use e m a n a n t he u n a n e d l v b d , which , th y i t i , is ch g m e m r h r r e n i m o i al custom of t e Chu ch f om th b egi n i ng . The e er n r o n the e r a n has n ed W st Chu ch , oth h d , lo g us I 2 TH E BR EA D O F T H E E U C H A R I S T n eav en e re a n an d h as e h er ra e o n the u l d b d o ly, bas d p ctic all ege d us e by o ur Lo rd Himself a t the I n stitutio n of he ed a ra me n t Bl ess S c t . Th e ue n w u d ee u n m r an i n e q stio , which o l s m i po t t its lf i f t ea e n e a n d n ea e n e a re e ua read a me d bo h l v d u l v d q lly b , ssu an i mpo rt a n c e Wh e n the tw o us e s w e re m ad e a mat t er of co n t ro v er sy to such a n exte n t th a t th e i r d iv ersity of us e b ecam e o n e of t he p re t exts of th e schism b e tw ee n E a st an e d W st .