SHRINKING CIVIC SPACE AMIDST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA LOKATARU FOUNDATION 2020 Compiled by Kirana Anjani Editor Haris Azhar Mirza Fahmi January-April 2020 SHRINKING CIVIC SPACE AMIDST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA Lokataru Foundation has compiled incidents and cases on shrinking civic space issues as well as the overall civic space condition in Indonesia from January to April 2020. We mainly identified six clusters civic space issues: 1. Restriction to freedom of assembly through unnecessary and excessive use of force by the authorities 2. Criminalization of human rights activist and government critic, and citizens allegedly spreading hoax or insulting the presidents/public officials 3. Stigmatization, persecution, and criminalization of certain social/ ideological groups ("anarcho-syndicalist") 4. Securitization of COVID-19 pandemic, for example through the president’s civil emergency proposal and the army contingency plan 5. Social conflicts caused by stigmatization of COVID-19 victims Key cases, regulations, Government statements and measures that reflect restrictions and attacks against civic freedoms in Indonesia can be found below. Note: Each entry is color-coded : Government statements related to COVID-19 preparedness and handling, including the securitization issue : Incidents, arrests, and policies related to freedom of expression (human rights defenders, hoax-related, insults against the President/Government officials, rights to seek/receive/impart information,) : Incidents, arrests and policies and related to freedom of expression (dispersal of crowds, arrests of those violating Large-Scale Social Restriction, violent and repressive measures used by police, etc) : Social conflicts caused by stigmatization towards COVID-19 victims: : Arbitrary arrest against alleged anarcho-syndicalist members 1 SHRINKING CIVIC SPACE AMIDST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA JANUARY 2020 Date Events Details 24 January 2020 Government officials such as Minister of Health Any positive case of COVID-19 in Indonesia has not been Terawan Agus Putranto, Presidential Chief of Staff found but the Government claimed that they had Moeldoko, and Vice President Ma'ruf Amin called on anticipated the spread of the COVID-19 virus and residents to remain calm.i requested the public not to panic. 27 January 2020 Despite the increasing number of COVID-19 cases worldwide, Transportation Minister Budi Karya Sumadi claimed he has not closed flights to China other than to and from Wuhan.ii Minister of Health Terawan urges people to eat enough and ‘just enjoy’ life.iii FEBRUARY 2020 1 February 2020 KR posted via his Facebook account, Kazahea Both were charged with Article 14-15 of Law Number 1 of Tanzania on Thursday (1/30/2020) about one corona 1946 concerning false information with a maximum threat virus positive patient at Kanujoso Hospital, of imprisonment of 7-10 years.iv Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. FR, a domestic worker, was also arrested on suspicion of spreading hoaxes similar to KR. 2 3 February 2020 Minister Terawan said that hoax about coronavirus is more dangerous than the virus itself.v 11 February 2020 Minister of Health Terawan criticised the results of According to Marc Lipstich, an epidemiologist from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health research Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Indonesia which questions why Indonesia has not yet recorded should have reported a coronavirus outbreak and could any case of coronavirus. Minister of Health Terawan have undetected cases given its extensive air links to China said that the research is insulting and invited the and the city of Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak. He Harvard researchers to come to Indonesia and prove added that this might be because Indonesia’s health by themselves. system is unable to detect the virus.vi 17 February 2020 Some public officials, including the Minister of Transportation Minister Budi Karya Sumadi said that Health Terawan, are still joking about COVID-19. Indonesians’ habit of consuming cat rice (nasi kucing, Indonesian local dish consisting of rice, sambal, dried fish, tempeh, famous for its serving in small portion) prevented COVID-19 from enteringvii while the Health Minister Terawan claimed that Indonesians are immune to coronavirus because of our prayers.viii 26 February Indonesian Vice President Maruf Amin said the This was conveyed in his opening remarks during the 2020 prayers of the kyai and ulama (Islamic religious VIIth Indonesian Muslim Community Congress at Novotel leaders) and reading a lot of qunut prayers prevented Bangka, Wednesday Night, February 26, 2020.ix Indonesia from COVID-19 outbreak. 28 February The Indonesian Government issued 298 Billion The form of policy referred to includes hiring ‘influencers’ 2020 Rupiah as First Economic Stimulus instead of to promote Indonesian tourism (Rp. 72 billion rupiah), allocating funds to prevent COVID-19. tourism promotion (45-50% discount on airplane tickets) to 10 tourist destinations (103 billion rupiah); and other 3 tourism activities (25 billion rupiah).x MARCH 2020 2 March 2020 The first case of COVID-19 case in Indonesia has been confirmed by President Joko Widodo.xi 3 March The Government of Depok City claimed that Expert Staff of the Ministry of Health asked them not to disclose the identities of the first two COVID-19 patients from Depok City.xii 3 March 2020 The Ministry of Health prohibits Regional According to Trisakti University's Public Policy Analyst, Governments from announcing case data or the Trubus Rahardiansyah, this ban shows that the Central spread of COVID-19 in their regions.xiii Government has monopolized the information and resulted in panic among the public. This is the case because the public could not access or receive accurate information about coronavirus in time, instead they are being shown the quarrel between Central and Regional Governments over the authority to inform the public.xiv 9 March 2020 Minister of Health Terawan is accused of Minister Terawan was accused of covering up information non-disclosure of public information regarding regarding COVID-19 cases. He allegedly underestimate COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. and ignored two government institutions that had suggested to the President to evacuate Indonesians in Wuhan and the crew of Diamond Princess Cruise Ship in Yokohama. According to Tempo sources, the suggestions which were supposed to be informed to the President was 4 kept by Terawan and resulted in the delays of COVID-19 crisis handling. Additionally, Terawan allegedly failed to take adequate measures to handle COVID-19 outbreak ever since the WHO declared a pandemic.xv 10 March 2020 A housewife was arrested for sharing hoax about She was charged with Article 28 paragraph 1 of the IT Law coronavirus patients at Soetomo District Hospital (consumer hoax), and/or Article 14-15 of Law Number 1 of through her Facebook account on Surabaya Digital 1946 (disturbance). City Facebook page.xvi 11 March 2020 Okti Even Rizki, a housewife in Lampung was arrested for spreading hoax about a COVID-19 patient in Pringsewu District, Kecamatan Pagelaran, who has just returned from Malaysia.xvii 13 March 2020 President Jokowi admitted that he was deliberately holding back some information on the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia to prevent the public from panicking.xviii 19 March 2020 The Chief of Indonesian Police issued Maklumat The Maklumat includes an appeal not to hold social Kapolri Number Mak / 2 / III / 2020 concerning activities with large numbers of people gathering, both for Compliance With Government Policies in Handling the public in general and the Indonesian Police officers Corona Virus Spread. themselves. These activities include social, cultural, religious gatherings and beliefs in the form of seminars, etc; music concert, fairs, festivals, bazaars, night markets, exhibitions, and family receptions; sports activities, arts and entertainment services; rallies, marches, and carnivals; 5 and other activities in mass gathering. In addition, the Maklumat allows the authorities to take necessary actions if they find acts that are in contrary to this Maklumat, in accordance with the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations. 21 March 2020 The President’s Spokesman Fadjroel Rachman asked Fadjroel requested that the public to refrain from the public to stop giving negative criticisms to the expressing negative criticism to the government. government According to him, it is better to ask oneself whether they have properly follow the social distancing measure or help the health workers in need.xix 23 March 2020 Former Millennial Special Staff, Adamas Belva Syah Belva stressed the importance of each party to help one Devara called on citizens not to attack, 'bully' or another by giving an example of a junior high school bring down each other in the midst of COVID-19 student who donated a small amount of money.xx pandemic. 26 March 2020 Two people became suspects for spreading hoax (a Both perpetrators were charged with Article 28 paragraph 1 footage of a security guard fainting because of jo. Article 45 a paragraph 1 of Law Number 19 of 2016 coronavirus). The information on the video states concerning IT with a possible sentence of six years that "Sentra Latumenten Centre infected by corona imprisonment. The two perpetrators were also charged and fainted".xxi with Article 15 of Law Number 1 of 1946 (causing disturbances) with two years imprisonment. 6 30 March 2020 President Joko Widodo plans to declare civil emergency alongside Large-Scale Social Restriction. According to the Acting Deputy IV of the Presidential Staff Office for Political Communication, Juri Ardiantoro, this plan is only a last resort and will only be declared if there is chaos, and dissent that disrupts social stability. The plan to declare a civil emergency is only a 'warning' from the President so that the public adheres to the provisions of the Large Scale Social Restriction.xxii 31 March 2020 The Indonesian Police claimed to have carried out 77,330 COVID-19 prevention related activities have been 11,145 dispersion as referred to in the Police Chief's carried out, this consists of 18,935 Notice (Maklumat Kapolri).