Invert4 2 161 172 Kutikova.PM6

Invert4 2 161 172 Kutikova.PM6

Çîîëîãèÿ áåñïîçâîíî÷íûõ, 2007, 4(2): 161172 © ÇÎÎËÎÃÈß ÁÅÑÏÎÇÂÎÍÎ×ÍÛÕ, 2007 Ïÿòü âèäîâ êîëîâðàòîê ñåìåéñòâà Flosculariidae (Rotifera), èõ ëè÷èíêè è ìåòàìîðôîç Ë.À. Êóòèêîâà Çîîëîãè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò ÐÀÍ, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã, 199034, Ðîññèÿ. e-mail: [email protected] ÐÅÇÞÌÅ: Äîïîëíåíî è óòî÷íåíî îïèñàíèå ìîðôîëîãèè ïÿòè âèäîâ êîëîâðàòîê cåìåéñòâà Flosculariidae: Floscularia janus (Hudson, 1881), Ptygura pilula (Cubitt, 1872), Beuchampia crucigera (Dutrochet, 1812), Limnias melicerta Weisse, 1848, Lacinularia ismailoviensis (Pog- genpol, 1872). Ïðåäñòàâëåíû ñâåäåíèÿ î ìåòàìîðôîçå íåñêîëüêèõ âèäîâ èç ðàçëè÷íûõ ðîäîâ. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: êîëîâðàòêè, Flosculariidae, ñåññèëüíûå è êîëîíèàëüíûå êîëîâ- ðàòêè, ëè÷èíî÷íûé ìåòàìîðôîç. Five species of rotifers of the family Flosculariidae (Rotifera), their larvae and metamorphosis L.A. Kutikova Zoological Institute RAS, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia. e-mail: [email protected] SUMMARY: The descriptions of morphological structures of five species of rotifers of the family Flosculariidae (Floscularia janus (Hudson, 1881), Ptygura pilula (Cubitt, 1872), Beau- champia crucigera (Dutrochet, 1812), Limnias melicerta Weisse, 1848, Lacinularia ismailovien- sis (Poggenpol, 1872) are expanded and updated. The larval metamorphosis of species from several genera is described. KEYWORDS: Rotifera, Flosculariidae, sessile and colonial rotifers, larval metamorphosis. Ââåäåíèå Ìàñòàêñ ìàëëåîðàìàòíîãî òèïà. Ïî áèîëî- ãèè, ýêîëîãèè è ñòðîåíèþ ñåññèëüíûõ êî- Ñåìåéñòâî Flosculariidae âêëþ÷àåò 7 ðî- ëîâðàòîê ñóùåñòâóåò çàìåòíîå ÷èñëî ïóáëè- äîâ è îêîëî 60 âèäîâ êîëîâðàòîê. Âçðîñëûå êàöèé (Edmondson 1940, 1944, 1945; Áîãî- ñàìêè æèâóò â ïîñòðîåííûõ èìè îáû÷íî ñëîâñêèé, 1949; Wright, 1950, 1954, 1959; òðóáêîâèäíûõ äîìèêàõ, ïðèêðåïëåííûõ ê Koste, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1987; Vasisht, Dwar, ñóáñòðàòó, ðåæå îáúåäèíÿþòñÿ â ñâîáîäíîï- 1970; Tiefenbacher, 1972; Wallace, 1975, 1980, ëàâàþùèå êîëîíèè. Äëÿ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ýòî- 1993; Champ, 1976; Wallace, Starkweather, ãî ñåìåéñòâà õàðàêòåðíà øèðîêàÿ, êàê ïðà- 1983; Wallace, Edmondson, 1986; Kutikova, âèëî, êîëîêîëîâèäíàÿ êîðîíà, ÷àñòî ñ ëîïà- 1995). Íåñìîòðÿ íà ýòî, ìîðôîëîãèÿ ìíîãèõ ñòÿìè, íàêëîíåííàÿ íà ñïèííóþ ñòîðîíó. âèäîâ îñòàåòñÿ íà óðîâíå ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûõ Êîðîíà èìååò äâà ðÿäà ìåðöàòåëüíûõ ðåñíè- íå ñîâñåì ïîëíûõ îïèñàíèé. Èìåííî ê òà- ÷åê, ðàçäåëåííûõ áîðîçäêîé èëè æåëîáêîì. êèì âèäàì îòíîñÿòñÿ Floscularia janus 162 Ë.À. Êóòèêîâà (Hudson, 1881), Ptygura pilula (Cubitt, 1872), êîðîíó ñ 2 áðþøíûìè è 2 íåñêîëüêî ìåíüøèìè Beauchampia crucigera (Dutrochet, 1812), ñïèííûìè ëîïàñòÿìè. Íà ëîïàñòÿõ äâà ðÿäà êî- Limnias melicerta Weisse, 1848, Lacinularia ðîòêèõ ðåñíè÷åê (ðåñíè÷êè êðàåâîãî ðÿäà íåìíî- ãî äëèííåå), êîòîðûå ïðåðûâàþòñÿ íà ñïèííîé è ismailoviensis (Poggenpol, 1872), äåòàëè ñòðî- çíà÷èòåëüíî øèðå íà áðþøíîé ñòîðîíå. Êîðîíà åíèÿ êîòîðûõ òðåáóþò óòî÷íåíèÿ. Ïîñòýìá- â ðàñïðàâëåííîì âèäå (240300 ìêì) ïî÷òè â 3 ðè-îíàëüíîå ðàçâèòèå ýòèõ âèäîâ îñëîæíå- ðàçà øèðå òóëîâèùà. Ïîä êîðîíîé íèæå ðîòîâîé íî ìåòàìîðôîçîì, è èõ ñâîáîäíîïëàâàþùèå âîðîíêè âûñòóïàåò óãëîâàòàÿ íèæíÿÿ ãóáà (äëè- ëè÷èíêè ïî ñòðîåíèþ ñëàáî íàïîìèíàþò íà 30 ìêì) ñ ÿìêîé, ãäå ñîçäàþòñÿ ôåêàëüíûå êîìêè (ðàçìåðîì 8398×4556 ìêì) äëÿ ïîñò- âçðîñëûõ îñîáåé. Ëè÷èíêè ðàçíûõ âèäîâ è ðîéêè äîìèêà. ßìêà âûñòëàíà ðåñíè÷êàìè. Òóëî- äàæå ðàçíûõ ðîäîâ ñõîäíû ìåæäó ñîáîé, âèùå óäëèíåííî-âåðåòåíîâèäíîå. Íà åãî áðþø- õîòÿ ïðîöåññû ëè÷èíî÷íîãî ìåòàìîðôîçà íîé ñòîðîíå íèæå ÿìêè íàõîäÿòñÿ íåäëèííûå ìîãóò ïðîòåêàòü ïî-ðàçíîìó. ïàðíûå áîêîâûå ÷óâñòâèòåëüíûå ùóïàëüöà. Îíè èìåþò êîíóñîâèäíîå îñíîâàíèå ñ êîðîòêîé òðóá- êîé, èç êîòîðîé âûñòóïàåò ïó÷îê ðåñíè÷åê (äëè- Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäû íà îñíîâàíèÿ 23, ðåñíè÷åê 30 ìêì). Òðóáêîâèä- íîå ñïèííîå ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîå ùóïàëüöå ñ ïó÷êîì Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîâîäèëè â ëàáîðàòîðèè ðåñíè÷åê, êîðîòêîå, çàìåòíî ëèøü ïðè âòÿíóòîé êîðîíå. Ãàíãëèé áîëüøîé ïðÿìîóãîëüíûé íà Èíñòèòóòà áèîëîãèè âíóòðåííèõ âîä ÐÀÍ â ñïèííîé ñòîðîíå. Ïèùåâàðèòåëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà îò- èþíåàâãóñòå 1987 ã. â ïîñ. Áîðîê ßðîñëàâ- êðûâàåòñÿ ðòîì, ñ áîêîâ îáðàìëåííûì âûñòóïà- ñêîé îáëàñòè, â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ êîòîðîãî èìå- ìè ñ ðåñíè÷êàìè, è äëèííîé áóêêàëüíîé òðóáêîé åòñÿ ìíîãî âîäîåìîâ ðàçíûõ òèïîâ. Ïðîáû ñ ðåñíè÷êàìè. Ê íèì ïðèìûêàþò áîëüøèå ñëþí- ñîáèðàëè ïëàíêòîííîé ñåòüþ ñ ìåëêîÿ÷åèñ- íûå æåëåçû. Ìàñòàêñ ëèøü íåìíîãî áîëüøå êàê ñëþííûõ, òàê è æåëóäî÷íûõ æåëåç. ×åëþñòè ìà- òûì ãàçîì ñðåäè ïðèáðåæíîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñ- ñòàêñà íåìíîãî àñèììåòðè÷íûå: â ëåâîì óíêóñå 5 òè è ïðîñìàòðèâàëè â ÷àøêå Ïåòðè ïîä áè- êðóïíûõ çóáîâ, îòõîäÿùèõ îò ìåäèàëüíîé êàìå- íîêóëÿðîì. Íàéäåííûõ êîëîâðàòîê ïîìåùà- ðû è 8 ïëàíî÷íûõ; â ïðàâîì 3 êðóïíûõ, 4 áîëåå ëè èíäèâèäóàëüíî íà ïðåäìåòíîå ñòåêëî â òîíêèõ è íåñêîëüêî ìåëêèõ ïëàíî÷íûõ. Äëèíà êàïëå âîäû, êîòîðóþ ïðèêðûâàëè ïîêðîâ- ðàìóñîâ 30, ôóëüêðóìà 11, óíêóñíûõ çóáîâ 15 18,5 ìêì. Óäëèíåííûé æåëóäîê è ïî÷òè îêðóã- íûì ñòåêëîì íà «íîæêàõ» èç ïëàñòèëèíà èëè ëûé èëè îâàëüíûé êèøå÷íèê èìåþò òîëñòûå ñòåí- âîñêà. Âñå íàáëþäåíèÿ è çàðèñîâêè ïðîâî- êè. Æåëòî÷íèê ñîäåðæèò 57 ÿäåð. Íîãà êîëü÷à- äèëè in vivo ïîä îïòè÷åñêèì ìèêðîñêîïîì. òàÿ, ÷åðâåîáðàçíàÿ, â 1,52 ðàçà äëèííåå òóëîâè- Ìåòàìîðôîç ñåññèëüíûõ êîëîâðàòîê èçó÷à- ùà, îêàí÷èâàåòñÿ ïðèêðåïèòåëüíîé ïëàñòèíêîé ëè â ëàáîðàòîðèè Áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ñòàíöèè íà òîíêîì ñòåáåëüêå. Íîæíûå æåëåçû, â íà÷àëå êîëáîâèäíûå, ïðîòÿãèâàþòñÿ ïî âñåé äëèíå íîãè. Çîîëîãè÷åñêîãî èíñòèòóòà ÐÀÍ íà Êóðøñ- Àìèêòè÷åñêèå ÿéöà óäëèíåííî-îâàëüíûå êîé êîñå â Êàëèíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè ëåòîì (105157×4765 ìêì). 1992 ã. (Kutikova, 1995).  Áîðêå F. janus íàéäåí â ñåðåäèíå èþëÿ â Áàðñêîì ïðóäó íà ëèñòüÿõ ðÿñêè, òàêæå âñòðå÷àë- Îïèñàíèå ñÿ ó åå êîðíåé.  Ðîññèè âñòðå÷åí â Íîâãîðîäñ- êîé, Òâåðñêîé, Ïåðìñêîé, Ìîñêîâñêîé îáëàñòÿõ. Floscularia janus (Hudson, 1881) Èçâåñòåí èç Íîðâåãèè, Øâåöèè, Ôèíëÿíäèè, Èðëàíäèè, Àíãëèè, Ãåðìàíèè, Ïîëüøè, Àâñò- Ðèñ. 1AG. ðèè, Øâåéöàðèè, áûâ. ×åõîñëîâàêèè, Ðóìûíèè, ßïîíèè, ÑØÀ. Îäèíî÷íûå, ñèäÿùèå â äîìèêàõ, ïðèêðåï- ëåííûõ ê ñóáñòðàòó. Äîìèê êîðè÷íåâàòûé óäëè- íåííî-êîíè÷åñêèé, ñëàáî ñóæåííûé ó îñíîâà- Ptygura pilula (Cubitt, 1872) íèÿ, ñîñòàâëåí èç ôåêàëüíûõ êîìêîâ, ñëîæåííûõ Ðèñ. 2AD. ðûõëî ïî÷òè ïîïåðåê äëèíû äîìèêà. Âûñîòà äî- ìèêà 780900, òîëùèíà ó îñíîâàíèÿ 90150, íà Îäèíî÷íûå, ñèäÿ÷èå, â íåïðàâèëüíî-êîíè- âåðõíåì êðàå 195255 ìêì. Îáùàÿ äëèíà òåëà ÷åñêîì êðàñíîâàòî-êîðè÷íåâîì äîìèêå (âûñîòà 7801200 ìêì, ïðè äëèíå 780: äëèíà òóëîâèùà 825, øèðèíà 435 ìêì), ñëîæåííîì äîâîëüíî ðûõ- 225, íîãè 420, øèðèíà òóëîâèùà 90 ìêì. Êîðîò- ëî èç ÿéöåâèäíûõ ôåêàëüíûõ êîìêîâ âåëè÷èíîé êàÿ ãîëîâà èìååò øèðîêóþ ÷åòûðåõëîïàñòíóþ 4860×5664 ìêì è íèòåé âîäîðîñëåé. Îáùàÿ Êîëîâðàòêè ñåìåéñòâà Flosculariidae 163 Ðèñ. 1. Floscularia janus (Hudson, 1881). A êîëîâðàòêà â äîìèêå, ñ áðþøíîé ñòîðîíû; B êîëîâðàòêà áåç äîìèêà, ñ áðþøíîé ñòîðîíû; C ãîëîâà è òóëîâèùå, ñáîêó; D ðàìóñû è ôóëüêðóì; E ìàíóáðèè è óíêóñû; F âòÿíóòàÿ êîðîíà è ñïèííîå ùóïàëüöå; G àìèêòè÷åñêîå ÿéöî. Ìàñøòàá (ìêì): 300 (AC); 100 (G); 10 (D, E). Fig. 1. Floscularia janus (Hudson, 1881). A in tube, ventral view; B without tube, ventral view; C head and trunk, lateral view; D rami and fulcrum; E manubrium and uncus; F dorsal tentacle; G amictic egg. Scale bar (ìm ): 300 (A C), 100 (G); 10(D, E). äëèíà 1100 ìêì. Íà ãîëîâå øèðîêîîâàëüíàÿ êî- ãóëóìà. Ïîä êîðîíîé ïî áîêàì âûåìêè õîðîøî ðîíà (øèðèíà 150 ìêì) ñ äâóìÿ ðÿäàìè ðåñíè÷åê, âèäèìû êîíóñîâèäíûå âûñòóïû ñ ïó÷êàìè ðåñ- ïðåðûâàþùèõñÿ âûåìêîé íà áðþøíîé ñòîðîíå. íè÷åê. Çà øèðîêîé ðîòîâîé âîðîíêîé ñ ãóñòûì Ðåñíè÷êè òðîõóñà çàìåòíî äëèííåå ðåñíè÷åê öèí- ïîêðîâîì ðåñíè÷åê ñëåäóåò ìàñòàêñ, íàä êîòî- 164 Ë.À. Êóòèêîâà Ðèñ. 2. Ptygura pilula (Cubitt, 1872). A êîëîâðàòêà â äîìèêå, ñáîêó; B ãîëîâà, ñáîêó; C êîðîíà, ñâåðõó; D áîêîâîå ùóïàëüöå. Ìàñøòàá (ìêì): 300 (A); 75 (BD). Fig. 2. Ptygura pilula (Cubitt, 1872). A in tube, lateral view; B head, lateral view; C corona, frontal view; D lateral tentacle. Scale bar (ìm ): 300 (A); 75 (BD). ðûì ëåæàò áîëüøèå ñëþííûå æåëåçû. Êîðîòêèé Áîêîâûå ïàðíûå ùóïàëüöà äëèííûå (45 ìêì), ïèùåâîä ïåðåõîäèò â äëèííûé îáúåìèñòûé æå- ïî÷òè ðàâíû ïîëîâèíå øèðèíû òóëîâèùà (97 ëóäîê ñ ãîìîãåííûì òåìíîâàòûì ñîäåðæèìûì, â 112 ìêì), îòõîäÿò ó ãðàíèöû øåéíîãî è òóëî- åãî âåðõíåé ÷àñòè íàõîäÿòñÿ íåáîëüøèå æåëó- âèùíîãî îòäåëîâ. Òóëîâèùå óäëèíåííî-âåðåòå- äî÷íûå æåëåçû. Êèøå÷íèê íåáîëüøîé, îâàëü- íîâèäíîå, ñóæàÿñü, ïåðåõîäèò â î÷åíü äëèííóþ íûé. Ãàíãëèé áîëüøîé ïîä êîðîíîé íà ñïèííîé êîëü÷àòî-ìîðùèíèñòóþ íîãó ñ äëèííûìè íîæ- ñòîðîíå. Ãëàçíûõ ïÿòåí ó âçðîñëûõ îñîáåé íåò. íûìè æåëåçàìè. Êîëîâðàòêè ñåìåéñòâà Flosculariidae 165 ßéöà óäëèíåííî-îâàëüíûå, èõ ðàçìåðû 120´ êîé, Ìîñêîâñêîé è Àñòðàõàíñêîé îáëàñòÿõ. Îò- 60 ìêì. ìå÷åí â âîäîåìàõ Ôèíëÿíäèè, Àíãëèè, Ãåðìà-  Áîðêå ýòîò âèä íàéäåí â íåáîëüøîì ïðóäó íèè, Ïîëüøè, Ôðàíöèè, áûâ. ×åõîñëîâàêèè, Ðó- ñðåäè ñôàãíóìà â íà÷àëå èþíÿ 1987 ã.  Ðîññèè ìûíèè, Àâñòðèè, Øâåéöàðèè, Êèòàÿ, Èíäèè, îòìå÷åí â âîäîåìàõ Êîëüñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà, Àôðèêè, Àâñòðàëèè, ÑØÀ. Íîâãîðîäñêîé, Ìîñêîâñêîé, Ñìîëåíñêîé îáëàñ- òåé. Èçâåñòåí èç Íîðâåãèè, Øâåöèè, Ôèíëÿí- Limnias melicerta Weisse, 1848 äèè, Èðëàíäèè, Àíãëèè, Ãåðìàíèè, Ïîëüøè, áûâ. Ðèñ. 4AE. ×åõîñëîâàêèè, Ðóìûíèè, Àâñòðèè, ÑØÀ. Beauchampia crucigera (Dutrochet, 1812) Îäèíî÷íûå, ñèäÿ÷èå, â ñòåêëîâèäíî-ïðîçðà÷- íîì êîðè÷íåâàòîì äîìèêå. Äîìèê òðóá÷àòûé (âû- Ðèñ. 3AE. ñîòà 638, øèðèíà ó îñíîâàíèÿ 75, ó âåðõíåãî êðàÿ 98 ìêì) ñ ÿñíîé êîëüöåâîé èñ÷åð÷åííîñòüþ. Îíà Îäèíî÷íûå, ñèäÿ÷èå, â äîìèêàõ. Äîìèê ïëîò- îò÷åòëèâî âèäíà íà 3/4 âûñîòû äîìèêà, íèæå íûé êîðè÷íåâûé êîíóñîâèäíî-òðóá÷àòûé (âûñî- ñòàíîâèòñÿ áîëåå ÷àñòîé, à ê êîíöó ïî÷òè ñîâñåì òà 495, òîëùèíà ó îñíîâàíèÿ 45, ó âåðõíåãî êðàÿ èñ÷åçàåò. Ïîñòðîéêà êîëü÷àòîé òðóáêè äîìèêà 75 ìêì), èíîãäà íåìíîãî èçîãíóòûé, ñ ìåëêèìè ýòîãî âèäà ïîäðîáíî îïèñàíà (Wright, 1954).

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