New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/52 Paleontological resources of Lake Meredith National Recreation Area and Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument, West Texas Adrian P. Hunt and Vincent L. Santucci, 2001, pp. 257-264 in: Geology of Llano Estacado, Lucas, Spencer G.;Ulmer-Scholle, Dana; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 52nd Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 340 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 2001 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. No material from the NMGS website, or printed and electronic publications, may be reprinted or redistributed without NMGS permission. Contact us for permission to reprint portions of any of our publications. One printed copy of any materials from the NMGS website or our print and electronic publications may be made for individual use without our permission. Teachers and students may make unlimited copies for educational use. Any other use of these materials requires explicit permission. This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 52nd Field Conference, Geology of the Llano Estacado, 2001 257 PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF LAKE MEREDITH NATIONAL RECREATION AREA AND ALIBATES FLINT QUARRIES NATIONAL MONUMENT, WEST TEXAS ADRIAN P. HUNT' AND VINCENT L. SANTUCCF 1Mesalands Dinosaur Museum, Mesa Technical College, 911 South Tenth Street, Tucumcari, NM 88401; 2Fossil Butte National Monument, P. 0. Box 592, Kemmerer, WY 83101 Abstract. -Lake Meredith National Recreation Area and Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument are units of the National Park Service located northeast of Amarillo in the Panhandle of Texas. They preserve a sequence of sedimentary rock units that range from Late Permian to Holocene in age. These strata have yielded significant paleontological resources, but they have not been widely reported upon. The fossils are Triassic, Miocene-Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene in age and include trace fossils and plant, invertebrate and vertebrate specimens. The most important specimen found to date is a female skull of the giant Pleistocene bison, Bison /atifrons. INTRODUCTION GEOLOGIC OVERVIEW Lake Meredith National Recreation Area and Alibates Flint Lake Meredith National Recreation Area and Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument are located northeast of Amarillo in Quarries National Monument straddle the boundary between two the Panhandle of Texas (Fig. 1). Lake Meredith was established major structural basins - the Palo Duro basin and the Anadarko primarily to provide a surface water supply for 11 municipalities basin. This boundary is formed by the Amarillo-Wichita uplift in the Texas Panhandle experiencing increased urbanization and that is a large regional structure that extends southeast-northwest industrialization and a lowering water table. Construction of San­ from New Mexico to central Oklahoma. Because of this struc­ ford Dam, named for the adjacent community, was started in 1962 ture, the stratigraphy of the southwestern end of Lake Meredith and the resultant reservoir was named Lake Meredith for A. A. National Recreation area is distinct from the remainder of the Meredith, a civic leader who was instrumental in the completion recreation area and from Alibates Flint Quarries National Monu­ of the project. Water is pumped to the area communities, includ­ ment. Notably, Triassic strata are only preserved in the southwest ing Amarillo and Lubbock, via 518 km of pipeline, 10 pumping portion of the study area (Palo Duro basin). plants and 3 regulating reservoirs. The Canadian River Municipal There is limited primary geologic literature on the local geol­ Water Authority operates and maintains the facilities. Since 1965, ogy. The most important reference is the Master's thesis ofWilson a recreation area of over 41,000 acres around the reservoir has (1988) which includes a detailed study and mapping of four U. been managed by the National Park Service, since 1972 as Lake S. Geological Survey 7.5 quadrangles (Alibates Ranch, Chunky, Meredith National Recreation Area (Fig. 2). Berry Sand Draw and McDowell Creek). A useful older refer­ Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument was established by ence is the 1963 guidebook of the Panhandle Geological Society Congress in 1965 to protect prehistoric chert quarries. This area has "Field trip, September 14, 1963, Ali bates Flint Quarries, Alibates been quarried since Clovis time for the distinct and abundant chert. Indian Ruin, Santa Fe Trail, Sanford Dam." Summaries of the Flint is concentrated within the monument in a horseshoe-shaped geology and paleontology of the area can be found in sections area that includes 736 quarry pits that are mainly oblong in shape. of the draft EIS for the area written by Lisa Norby and Vincent The current monument includes 1,370.97 acres adjacent to the east­ Santucci, respectively (Santucci, 2000). central portion ofLake Meredith National Recreation Area. Lake Meredith National Recreation Area and Alibates Flint Permian Quarries National Monument have yielded significant paleonto­ logical specimens, but they have been poorly documented. The There are four distinct Upper Permian (Ochoan) rock units purpose of this paper is to document what is currently known of exposed in the study area, but they have a confused stratigraphic the paleontological resources of the area for scientific reasons and nomenclature (Wilson, 1988)(Table 1). The medial unit is the 6-7 to act as an aid to resource management, interpretation, and stra­ m-thick Alibates Dolomite or Ali bates Formation, the latter name tegic planning for the National Park Service. This study is based being utilized here because this unit contains lithologies other than on fieldwork at Lake Meredith National Recreation Area and Ali­ dolostone. Above this unit are 13 m of red beds that have been bates Flint Quarries National Monument, study of museum col­ referred to the Quartermaster Formation/Group or Dewey Lake lections and a literature review. WTSU refers to West Texas State Formation and below it are more red beds that have been referred University, now West Texas A and M University, Canyon and to as the Artesia Group or Whitehorse Sandstone/Formation/ PPHM to Panhandle Plains Historical Museum, Canyon. Group or Salado-Tansill Formation. At the base of the lower red- 258 HUNT AND SANTUCCI N A 0-- -=:J2-- 4Miles Legend CJeoundery LtVtl of Importance C]Low Mo<larele - Hi!11 FIGURE 2. Map showing boundaries of Lake Meredith National Recre­ ation Area and Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument and paleon­ tological sensitivity ratings of different outcrop areas. Triassic The Upper Triassic (upper Carnian) strata in the western por­ tion of Lake Meredith National Recreation area are the Tecovas FIGURE I. Location of Lake Meredith National Recreation Area and and Trujillo formations of the Chinle Group (sensu Lucas, 1993, Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument, Panhandle of Texas. 2001)(= Dockum Formation of older workers). The lowermost unit is the Tecovas Formation, which is up to 60 m thick and con­ beds is a prominent gypsum originally called the Saddlehorse sists of mudstone and Jesser amounts of sandstone and conglom­ Gypsum and now referred to the Cloud Chief Gypsum. The strati­ erate of fluvial origin. The Trujillo is up to 13 m thick and is graphic nomenclature that we will use is, from youngest to oldest: mostly fluvial sandstone with minor conglomerate and mudstone. Dewey Lake Formation, Alibates Formation, Whitehorse Forma­ Locally, basal conglomerates in the Tecovas can be assigned to tion and Cloud Chief Gypsum. These Permian strata were depos­ the Camp Springs Conglomerate (Table 1). ited in restricted marine and intertidal settings (Wilson, 1988). TABLE 1. Overview of stratigraphy and paleontology of Lake Meredith National Recreation Area and Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument. Age Formation/Member Environment of deposition Paleontology Holocene Unnamed sands, gravels, soils Fluvial, soil Diverse mammals, reptiles, birds, fish Pleistocene Unnamed gravels, sands, conglomerate, loess Fluvial, eolian, lacustrine Bison latrifrons, mammoth,