Edinburgh Napier University, UK School of Engineering and the Built Environment Methodology for BIM implementation in KSA in AEC industry By Ashraf Ibrahim Nasr Elhendawi Supervisors Dr. Andrew Smith School of Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University, UK Prof. Dr. Emad Elbeltagi Construction Management and Structural Engineering Mansoura University, Egypt In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree in Master of Science MSc in Construction Project Management January 2018 i Abstract Recently, the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is considered the most effective contributor to development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). However, the AEC industry is facing myriads challenges due to the vast construction development required for the KSA 2030 vision. Many issues are raised such as failure to meet the client requirement, delay in delivering projects in time, cost overrun, low quality, conflicts among parties, shortage of qualified workers, safety issues, increasing requests of change order, increasing in material wastes and project complexity. Developed countries are using Building Information Modeling (BIM) to mitigate these challenges and reap the benefits from implementing BIM to improve the performance of the AEC industry profoundly. BIM is rapidly growing worldwide as a viable tool for improving the efficiency of (AEC) industry. However, BIM is rarely used in the KSA. The proved benefits of implementing BIM in the developed countries, gave evidence that, BIM requires drastic change and there is no recognized methodology to solicit companies to use BIM. However, from these countries, experience BIM must be mandated. There are some timid attempts to decree BIM in the Gulf Council Countries (GCC) region, whereas in 2014, Dubai Municipality mandate BIM in the large projects. This study aims to develop a methodology to implement BIM in the KSA by exploring the stockholders’ perception of BIM benefits, barriers, and factors affecting the adaption. Accordingly, a questionnaire has been sent to many BIM users and non-users. In addition to, structured interviews were carried out with BIM users and non-users. In the efforts to validate the proposed methodology, another survey sent to BIM experts and structured interviews have been organized with BIM professionals. SPSS 23 software used to analyze quantitative data and NVivo 10 used to analyze qualitative data. The key findings of this study are: (1) Identifying the six steps of the methodology in details in its order to implement BIM; (2) Raising awareness; (3) Perceived benefits of BIM; (4) AEC industry readiness and organizations capability; (5) identifying the barriers; (6) Removing the barriers; and (7) Defining the key factors influencing the implementation. The results of this research are expected to assist all projects participants in KSA to implement BIM to solve the current AEC industry projects issues, improve the performance of the project and reap the benefits of implementing BIM. This study is the first research to make a crucial and novel contribution by providing a methodology to implement BIM in KSA. Future studies can validate the methodology for each project parties. Keywords: BIM, KSA, AEC, Barriers, Benefits, Adoption, implementation ii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................. ii List of tables .................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................. vii Dedication ........................................................................................................ ix Acknowledgment .............................................................................................. x List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................... xi List of Symbols ................................................................................................ xi Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................. 12 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 12 1.2 Research motivations ........................................................................... 13 1.3 The Problem statement ........................................................................ 13 1.4 Aim and Objectives .............................................................................. 14 1.5 Dissertation Questions ......................................................................... 15 1.6 Scope of research ................................................................................ 15 1.7 Research methodology ......................................................................... 15 1.8 Key findings and Contributions ............................................................. 16 1.9 Structure of the research ...................................................................... 16 Chapter 2: Literature Review ......................................................................... 17 2.1 Overview .............................................................................................. 17 2.1.1 AEC Industry in KSA. ..................................................................... 19 2.1.2 Challenges for construction industry in KSA .................................. 21 2.2 Raising the BIM awareness .................................................................. 22 2.2.1 BIM definitions: .............................................................................. 22 2.2.2 Comparison between the traditional method process and the main concept of the BIM process: ........................................................... 24 2.2.3 BIM deliverables: ........................................................................... 26 2.2.2 BIM Dimensions: ............................................................................ 27 2.2.5 BIM Maturity: .................................................................................. 29 2.2.6 How BIM works .............................................................................. 32 2.2.7 BIM applications:............................................................................ 34 2.2.8 Integration with BIM ....................................................................... 38 2.2.9 BIM Status Globally and future trends ........................................... 40 2.2.10 BIM Tools ................................................................................... 42 2.2.11 Roles and responsibilities of BIM Specialist ............................... 44 2.2.12 Organizations can use BIM ......................................................... 46 2.16 The benefits of BIM .............................................................................. 46 2.17 BIM Barriers ......................................................................................... 51 2.18 Removing barriers to BIM adoption ...................................................... 56 2.18.1 Top management support ........................................................... 56 2.18.2 Resistance to change ................................................................. 56 2.18.3 Lack of sufficient Education and training .................................... 59 2.18.4 Interoperability ............................................................................ 60 2.18.5 Difficulties of managing BIM Model ............................................ 60 iii 2.18.6 Lack of skilled resources and complexity of BIM software .......... 60 2.18.7 Financial Issues: ......................................................................... 60 2.18.8 Unclear Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) .................................. 61 2.18.9 AEC Traditional procurement methodology: ............................... 61 2.18.10 Doubts about Return on Investment ........................................... 61 2.18.11 Legal (or contractual) issues ....................................................... 62 2.19 Motivations for BIM implementation in KSA .......................................... 62 2.20 Key factors influence BIM implementation ............................................ 62 2.21 AEC industry and organizational internal readiness ............................. 66 2.22 Suggested strategies and Methodologies for BIM implementation ....... 66 2.23 The future of BIM in the KSA ................................................................ 67 2.24 Knowledge Gaps .................................................................................. 67 Chapter 3: Research Methodology and Data Collection ............................. 69 3.1 Method of data collection ...................................................................... 69 3.1.1 The Population and Sample Size ................................................... 72 3.2 Reliability and testing the questionnaire data ....................................... 73 3.2.1 Reliability ....................................................................................... 73 3.2.2 Correlation ..................................................................................... 74 3.3 Respondents General information ........................................................ 75 Chapter 4: Results analysis ..........................................................................