Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-73072-3 - In-Vitro Fertilization, Third Edition Kay Elder and Brian Dale Index More information Index absent spermatogenesis, effects,153 and Beckwith–Wiedemann beta-globin gene, 239 acid Tyrode’s (AT) drilling of the zona syndrome (BWS), 257, 258 beta-thalassemia, 239 pellucida, 227, 229 and retinoblastoma, 258 bilaminar embryonic disc, 86 acrosome reaction (AR), 51, 52, 53, 54, and risk of infectious agent bilateral tubal pregnancy, 85 73, 218 transmission, 136 biochemical pregnancy, 91 acrosome reaction to ionophore and Russell–Silver syndrome, 258, biogenic law, 1 challenge (ARIC) test, 52 259 biological safety cabinet (BSC), IVF, Active Integrated workstation, 123 and stem cell biology, 94 115 adhesion molecules, 83 COH for, 23, 24, 25 class I, 115 adrenal hypoplasia, 152 derived embryos, 166 class II, 115 adrenocoticotropic hormone (ACTH), epidemiological data in, 257 class III, 117 19 induced epigenetic mistakes, 259, horizontal laminar flow clean bench, adult stem cells. See stem cell biology 260 117 age-related aneuploidy, 238, 242 laboratories in USA, 127 vertical laminar flow clean bench, albumin, 8, 120, 121 light exposure during, 110 113, 114 17-alpha hydroxylase cytochrome microfluidic platforms, 123 blastocoele formation and expansion, P450, 22 ovarian stimulation during 69 alpha-tocopherol, 122 cycles, 41 blastocyst biopsy, 231 amino acid metabolism, 168 problems with effectiveness of, 166 blastocyst expansion and hatching, 70, amino acid profiling, 168 ART protocols, 24 73, 82, 84, 85 amniocentesis, 242, 243 ascorbic acid (vitamin C), 8 cell fate and cell lineages, 70, 71 amplification refractory mutation assisted conception treatment cycle, blastocyst freezing method, 201 system (ARMS), 243 109 blastocyst ICM, 102 amygdala, 19 assisted hatching (AH), 110, 150, 167, blastocyst stage, 4, 60, 64, 66, 68, 69, 72, anaphase, 14 216, 227 120, 123, 165, 166, 169, 170, 197 Anderson Air filter apparatus,137 and cryopreservation, 201 blastocyst transfer, 176 androgen binding proteins (ABP), features, 227 benefits,176 , 177 21 laser, 227 blastocyst transition, 71, 75, 121 androgen secreting tumors, 23 Tyrode’s solution protocol, 227, 229 blastocyst trophectoderm, 82 androgens, 21 assisted reproduction, 16, 23, 46, blastocyst vitrification,201 andrology, 110 109, 219, 258, 260, 261, blastocysts, 73, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, androstenedione, 22 See also in-vitro fertilization 96, 98, 99, 102, 118, 121, 168, aneuploid, defined,14 (IVF) laboratory 169, 177, 201, 206, 227, 230, aneuploidy screening, 167 assisted zona hatching techniques, 219 259 Angelman syndrome (AS), 258, ATP cleavage, 8 blastomeres, 64, 67, 102 260 atresia, 41 blighted ovum, 91 anterior pituitary gland, 19 Auerbach, Leopold, 60 blood gas analyzer, 132 anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), 31 autosomal dominant disorders, 239 blood vessels, development, 88 anti-testis factors, 30 autosomal recessive diseases, 239 bone morphogenetic protein-15 apoptosis, 38, 42, 60, 69, 101, 110, 143, av family, 83 (BMP-15), 182 172 azoospermia, 22, 35, 150, 151, 152, 217 bovine embryo culture, 119, 260 arches, 89 buserelin, 24 aromatase cytochrome P450, 22 bacterial cells, 1 ART, 85, 127, 128, 169, 196, 197, 201, balanced translocations, effects of, 154 Ca ionophore A23187, 53 204, 209, 221, 248, 253 Beckmann pH meter, 132 calcium release at fertilization, 57 268 and Angelman syndrome (AS), Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome calcium-induced calcium release 258 (BWS), 10, 257, 258 (CICR), 57 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-73072-3 - In-Vitro Fertilization, Third Edition Kay Elder and Brian Dale Index More information Index cAMP, 12, 22, 35, 45, 46, 51, 53, 67, coitus, 50 decidua, 83, 86 73, 148 compaction, 67, 68 decidualization reaction, 83 cancer patients, semen complete abortion, 91 2-deoxyadenosine, 148 cryopreservation for, 205 congenital absence of the vas deferens deoxyribose, 8 capacitation, 51, 52 (CAVD), 152 dermatomes, 89 capacitation in vitro, 52 congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 152 Desert hedgehog gene, 87 capacitation in vivo, 51 congenital bilateral absence of the vas diakinesis, 16 carbohydrates, 5 deferens (CBAVD), 217 differentially methylated regions carbon cartridge filtration, 117 controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (DMRs), 253, 255, 256, 257 cavitation, 68, 69 (COH), 260 digestive epithelial layer, 90 cell aging, 5 baseline assessment, 25 dihydrotestosterone, 31 cell cycle, 2, 12, 13, 45, 60, 64, 67, 68, GnRH analogues, 24, 25 diploid somatic cells, 100 93, 166, 177, 198, 257 suppression mechanism, 23 diploid, defined,14 checkpoints, 16 corpus luteum, 42 disaccharides, 5 DNA-responsive, 16 cortical granules (CG), 55, 56 disposable supplies, used in IVF, 117, G0 phase of, 16 craniophraryngioma, 152 118 G1 phase of, 13 Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), 120 DM kinase gene, 241 meiotic, 16 Crinone gel, 26, 202 Dmrt1, 30 phases, 13 crown–rump length (CRL), 91 DNA duplexes, 15 protein activity, 45 cryobiology, principles of, 191 DNA methylation, 6, 12, 64, 252, 253, cell cytoplasm, 8 cryopreservation, 110 256, 259, 260 cell migration, 87 cryopreservation of gametes and during preimplantation cell theory, 1 embryos, 191 development, 257 principles, 1 cryopreservation of samples, storage, DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts), cell–cell recognition, 5 197, 198 256 cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), 101 consent, 198 DNA replication, 9, 10, 14, 16, 64 cellular adhesion molecules, 87 cryopreservation protocols DNA-responsive cell cycle, 16 cellular replication, 13, 14 comparison of slow freezing and Dolly sheep, 99 central nervous system (CNS), 19 vitrification,197 Down’s syndrome, 241, 242 role of reproduction, 19 equilibrium freezing, 196 drosophila gene, 87 centrioles, 58 non-equilibrium freezing, 196, 197 centromere, defined, 14 cryopreserved aliquots of cells, 103 Earle’s (EBSS) solution, 121 centrosomes, 13, 36, 58, 60, 72 cryopreserved embryos, 157 early blastocyst, 177 microtubular organization, 72 Cryotop method, 206 early embryo arrest, 71, 72 Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, 239 cryptorchidism, 152 early embryo cleavage, 64 chemically defined medium (CDM), cultured zona-free rabbit ICM, 96 early prophase, 13 102 cumulus granulosa cells, 41 E-cadherin, 68, 71 cholesterol side-chain cleavage cumulus–oocyte complex (COC), 42 E-cadherin phosphorylation, 68 cytochrome P450, 22 Cushing’s syndrome, 23, 152 ectoderm layer, 87 chorionic villus sampling (CVS), 238, cycle monitoring, 25, 26 ectopic pregnancy, 85 242 cyclic ADP ribose, 57 Edwards, Robert, 96, 181 chromatids, 2, 13, 14, 37 Cyclogest pessaries, 26 elective single embryo transfer (eSET), defined,14 cysteine, 74 169, 176 chromatin, defined, 14 cystic fibrosis (CF), 152, 217, 238, electrodeionization (EDI), 117 chromosomal abnormalities, 238 239 electronic identity checking/ chromosomal anomalies, testing of, cystic fibrosis conductance regulator witnessing, in IVF, 112 153 (CFTR) gene, 217 elongation, 13 chromosome failures, 16 cytochrome C, 8 embryo biopsy technique, 176, 229, chromosome reproduction, 14 cytochrome oxidase, 8 238, 244, 245 chromosomes, defined,14 cytochrome P450 enzyme triad, 22 blastocyst stage technique, 231 Clearplan, 201 cytokinesis, 14 cleavage stage techniques, 229, 231 cleavage stage blastomeres, 229 cytoplasmic maturity, 181 polar body, 231 clomifene citrate (Clomid), 24 cytosine, 9 embryo cryopreservation, 198 c-Myc, 101 method, 198, 199 co-culture systems, 123 daughter cells, 14, 15 selection of embryos, 198 codons, 10, 11, 12, 13 DAX1 gene, 29, 30 slow freezing protocol, 200 269 Cohen, Jacques, 216 Decapeptyl, 24 use of glass ampules, 200 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-73072-3 - In-Vitro Fertilization, Third Edition Kay Elder and Brian Dale Index More information Index embryo culture, preparation for, 157 physical changes, 191, 192 two-cell two gonadotropin theory, embryo development, 1 role of cryoprotectant additives 22 amino acids, role of, 73, 74 (CPAs), 194 FertiMorph multilevel system, 167 blastocyst expansion and hatching, supercooling and cell survival, fetal heartbeat (FH), 91 70, 71 192 fetal pole, 91 cavitation, 68, 69, 70 surface area, 195 fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9),31 cholesterol synthesis, 73 without cryoprotectants, 196 flare-up protocol, 24 compaction, 67, 68 endocrine glands, 19 fluorescent in-situ hybridization deamination reactions, 74 endoderm layer, 87 (FISH) technique, 170, 173, electrolyte balance, 73 endoplasmic reticulum (ER), 4, 5 243, 244, 247, 248, 250 embryonic arrest, 71, 72 epiblast, 86, 101 analysis of cleaved human embryos, genome activation, 64, 65, 66, 67 epiblast stem cells (EpiSC), 99 72 glucose, effect of,73 characteristics, 103, 104 analysis of fertilized oocytes, 164 growth factors, 75 markers of pluripotency, 104 folic acid, 75 imprinting, 67 epididymal maturation, 34 follicle development metabolic requirements, 72, 73, epididymal sperm, 150 after puberty,40 74, 75 epididymal sperm cryopreservation, and oocytes, 39 nucleotides, role of, 74, 75 204 during growth phase, 38 paternal factors, 72 epigenetic alterations of LitI and H19, first primordial follicles,38 preimplantation development, 10 follicular cells, 39 64 epigenetic change, 67 follicular destiny, 41, 42 upregulation of pentose phosphate epigenetics, 252 growth factors, 39 pathway, 72, 73 and infertility, 260, 261 role of cumulus cells, 39 vitamin requirements, 75 epigenic marks, 252, 253 follicle stimulating hormone