u{n Encyclopedia of WORLD HISTORY -\ncient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged COMPILED AND EDITED BY WILLIAM L. ,LANGER ,Coolidgc Profesor of Histor!, Hcrrard Unilersir! RE\rISED EDITIOII Iil-rstrated with Maps HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY BOSTON @t. 3i!et6ab. Sr.rs €arblibq. 966 EI]ROPE TEE BRITISH ISLES, 1918 A"I Mar. r3. German annexation oI Memel bt, incidents on the Danzie-Polish fi L Premier Daradi€r of lrance same d-al'- ;b after pressure upon Lithuanizt the lung-,rnticipated crisic brohe E:'e?led to lfirlcr, re.ei\ins in fied the F{ which €xtracted a Deace{ul setdement. At Albert Forster, Nazi leader in Dani =:ly 1Aug. ,7) a pka for German- claimh-g i:i the same time Hiiler submitted stifi de- nourced publitly thct the hoLrr oi Fr€Dch peace but also a reiteration mands reg&rdins Danzis and Pof,orze (the ance was near. At the same time ttr a the German demands on Po- SepL L ( "Polish Coridor") to WaNa\'. Faced by rvas startled by the conclusion oi a :id. Ltt the project of limitless German expansion lreaty between Germanyand Soviet ,le Tbe British sovernment repljed FoFter pl;o., on the continent, follo\red by :o Hitler, again urging a truce and Mar. 31, I'he British government Aug. 21. The announcement tiaa. i; icrmer rvarninss of British action bilized b!. e Dledaed Anelo-Irench aid to th€ manw and Russia l'ere Germrn rggression. BritisL shirr- iJ Gerc;l : Poles in ra.e of a(Lion rhrea'ening Polish conclude a non aggression pact. rccelled frurn rhe Brhic rnd Medi- Polarid. It: irdpncrdcncc. ThL Nls Iarer (Artr. o) after months of negotiation betsea F_. In Ger]]l.1ny eder3ency ration e*panded into a pr,jt of mulual a'cist- land, France and Russia and t-he mi= *s rrrodrrred On rll qirleq militrr- Sept. t- a military delegalinn to trIos(o\v, tilt treparations were accelerated. Ap!. 7. Italian invasion and corquest wrq resrrded as a demonstmtion oi B t9. Hitler reiterated to B tain ation. bnt I of Albada (p. ro2ol. DesPire tbe vik perlidy. 'lhe wlte-jdce of the ris extrcme demands on Poland long ;s -3e ! iolation ol ihe Anglo-ltati;n pcct, was evidently due in large measure - :E-..jsed to negoti:Ltc until these de- soil. Eir;s' Rritain made no move. land's refusal to admit Russian forces i i," -ere met. He called for arrival of AngleFrtee Apr. ?. The victorious nationa.list €vent of war. Discussion of Russi k& plenipotentiary in Berlin within an ultisa:n governrncnr in Spaio joined Ger- clusion in a Deace lrunt\vis at once drq :4 hours, note bla=ilg many, l1.ly and JJp-n ir the In EngJand and Irrance as rt ell as ir lE: 30. The Poles decreed partial Poles ill a F Arti-CominierD Pact. m.rny mitiury preparations \r€re iqili Eobilizarion, while in Germanv a cation- Th Apr. 13. 'lhe Franco-British pledge was the Germans concentrattng torces r si:-man "crrbiner council for ?e rejected th. e:itended to Rumania atrd Greece. vakia as well as along the fense of the Reich" \as set uo riiir Apr. 15. Presidetrt Roosevelt, in a letter Aug. 22. The B tish govern$a under the presidency ot Goering.' Sept i to Hitler and Mussolini, asked iterated its pledges to PolaDd td- 31. The Cerman Soverrment pub DE{ assurances against attack on 3r nations at the same time aDpealed tE lished a 16-point proposal to-Po- xt of Europe and rhe Near East. ln re.ponse many for r, truce in eastem - ThistDrS was oIot rather moderate tenor Fliller publicly r€"lrred Cermrn gricvances and negotiation of Gerrnall d .E-ore it could be transmitted to Warl and chim. and deri"d aggreisive inlen Aug. 23. The German-Russilr nEmunications were cut ofi. On this tions. was signed at tr'IoscoiY blr May 1t.. Announcement of an Anglo- Germun Ioreien rninister, artisan .i Tulkish mutual assistance pact, Anti-CominternAnti-aominter; PactPa(l of ro16.1936. ltIt Drq 2. THE BRITISH IS to be follolved bv a FrencL not only for abstention of either P Turkish asreement-purchased at attack on the other, but for the de€.:ed the expense of the Sanjak of Alex- either party if the othel were atta A. GREAT BRITA I N and t-he lret audretLa. a lhird Do\ver. Ea..h sisnatory I goods i: G- May 1?. Sweden, Norrvay and Finland not Lo i;in any sroup of Po\aeIS &€?t Britain's losses in the Filst World rejc.red a Cerran ofrrr ot a bi' is dircrtlv or indircLtly aLned !r Irr *ere Tio.ooo (illed -nd ab"uL r,5oo- lateral non-aggression pact, prefering to other parLv." As a resuit of thL aa taouodrd. Her ru. rl er:t,ense exceeded maintain a rigid neutrality. Denmark, agreenent the Anti Cominter! hd .!'-u.ooo.ooo rnd ber burde,: of ciome.tic 1919-19tt- C Estonia and Latvia, however, accepted the oice collatsed, Jatan resLrming ioreign debt was ten times what it had orl Cerman nronosal. ln r1'e irrrerral the -:k ir r9r1. S\e wrs l.cFd \,'rh rhF 1919, M.r. I Brirish made ererv efiort to drarv Ru<srl F. r:n of rcrurrir.- .uldiers ro i-dus l ed into the anti aggr;ssion front. The Rus- rc rlrodu, i-g so, i"l re orms oudlv dc rYid sians, proloundly suspicious, insisted not r:ccd by rL; hborinc . l. and nr, .;r betre ".e. only on 'omp'cre re.iprocily ir def.1_e susAesling direct neSotjatjons -Exrted at the same time with incrcased Caa bui on gur.anre. ol the ird.nendence ul manv and Poland. arbitration or <r !!85<iition in foreign tr1d. ir e rvorld Oct. 1t l: rhe Brlri. Sr.res rvf i,h, ir,identally, oo- rLjo;. Pohnd agreed lo concilialio. 1a-alJl disorgrr ized rnd ir roleri. red. iecled to such guariniees. third Drrtv. h I'eland, Tndi-, Fstp , "rd P: - rin: sre :€:3 May 22. cor,lrr.i.- o'r I'oliti.il and Th; British p,rliament met i! ris coDJronted $.ith urgent and almost in- Dec.g. re $ military alliance between Gel- session and voted the government -L5le proble,ns. Even the self governing JE many and ltaly moL.ing lhe ILll cxLly dictatorial towers, rt the sac l\rinions demonstrated an enhanced Dec. GC : a u.:onal de\elopmcnr ol tre R 'rne Berlin EnslaDd and Poland siSned Pact.i feeling and a reiuctance to be com- "3-lct Il tual ess;staDce. Pottnd begun t.- -lI t'-,ed to any share in luture European -Ture 23. Trearv betwe"n France and 1921, }fu. 3, Turkev Lv whnh r' e R'nuhlir of lorsler wrs Pr"claimed "suPreme !tE, Dec. 14. The Khaki Electior, with State. ererrnrrre :n..ersc.l ( Harav 'uis:handoned o Turt.l of fhc nanziq lree an bv I discusiion the i:Dq o cunrilp. rll m.n ot jr and in re[urn for a prornise of mutual Aue.25. In 't'ith F- 'o aid in c:l3e of aggression. ambassadol, llitler reneEd 1-= and to women over 30. 'Ihe coalition hand against PC uon. a huge_ jo.iry Aus. to-Sept. 1, 'IHE DANZIG- demand for a lree r+-.ernmenr L on l - appealed to Hil-ier rp :li'jorm promliing POLISH CRISTS. After montbs Roosevelt again ,:-- nurr.\T,n' ^i L'e Mar. 3L of agitation and recrimination punctuated a peaceful solulion. ran "war criminals." full payment by TIIE BRITISH ISLES, 1918 A.D._1922 A.D. 967 lcg. 26. Premier Datadier ol Frarce d. y tlr, l(u.,i r Sut. -o "rme '.mn So\;ct r:rr'- ar,t e1l.d Hir'c-, re,, rirE in tr.d thF pr.r ,r"h r.,e-m. and Hi 1.,, qAug. J reply ,z7 d t.l-r i.r C, rn t,, - claiming his proposals to Poiand h.rd been FrFnchi ea, c bur rl"oJ r, i.r.. .,. rejected, ga\-e the order to m&rch. of the German demands on Po- Sept. 1. GERMAN ATTACK ON pO- land. tAND on lrnd ,nd i- rhe eir. -1.r9. 28. TheBri iJrg,,e.-,rrenr repli,d fo'srcr piu,l, '*"d rle rexnion of Darzic ro lIir., r, ,er in ure.ns r rruLe rrrd and cermany. Ilneland and trrance mo- ;.::.::iing formcr rvarnines of Brjtish action biJizcd L"r e'pr,sseJ rerJ ncsq (o r.oori.re .-.: u, Ccrn-rn rggn.-i-,,. Brir:s...il- rl L,erman lorces '\crc \\,rhCr",\' frorn :::.- n'as rccalled lronl Lbe Baltic and Medi- Polard. Italy dcclared ttre intcntion of :.::.nean. ln Germany cmcrgency ration- jntrodlrced. remaining neutral. ];::- n'as On all sicles milir.arv Sept. 2. Italy proposed a 6ve-!ower pr' 1.. r ion- ,vn e r, . eierared. co €rence to discuss ius. the situ- 29. ltirler re:.erJrcd to Brird:o arion. bur Engind refr.ed negorirri,n so lis extreme demands on Poland long rs Ihc Cern'"ns -Fm"i.1ed 01 polish I:] refused to negotiate until these dc- soil. Hirler brvirg Iai ed ro reDlv ro rhr a::ds were met. He called for arril,al of Anelo-F'en h nores, rhc.. rwo t,o'icr. senu r I. ti.h nhnlpur(,,r:-ry in lterlin siLnin an ultrmarum, ro rvhi. h l-tiLler r, plied hv:r ?4 noLrrs, n^te bl.ning tr.gknd tor .n, ouiacins ih.