1792 – The Year of Fear La Patrie en Danger (11 July 1792) FACTS Who, What, Where, When Significance Historian’s Views ‐ LA proclaimed state of 8 June 1792 – LA issues decree to emergency as war situation enlist 20000 men from provinces to had become more critical. defend Paris (Federes) because ‐ By end of June, Jacobin invading troops were approaching leader Carnot had demanded capital. This resulted in Louis delaying that Assembly issue pikes to decree in fear that troops would be citizens to protect themselves used against him, causing distrust in against invading forces. the King. ‐ By 11 July, Assembly declared that “the homeland ‐ Louis saw threat this force th is in danger”, all citizens posed. On 13 June, Louis must sacrifice themselves for used his power of veto to stop its defence. Total war! Federes decree. When ‐ La Patrie en Danger decree Girondins threatened and intended to ‘avenge glory’ protested Louis, Roland and and ‘save liberty, fraternity two other Girondin ministers etc.’ were dismissed. Louis still ‐ 1 Aug – Assembly issued held executive power. order for pikes to be made Replaced by the Feuillants. and distributed. Anyone who Journee of June 20th 1792 – Leaders of failed to show open Paris Sections and Cordleiers patriotism was in danger. organized armed demonstration of ‐ Effect? Federes enter Paris Tuilleries, 8000 demanding return of and rule streets. Assembly the Girondin. Significant because SC powerless and this using power of direct democracy by strengthened the SC. invading palace and making demands ‐ War news worsened and upon King. This is not the storming of France faced threat of the Tuilleries! invasion and defeat. This increased threat to the royal ‐ “..clear that with the family, nonjuring clergy, humiliation of 20 June the last remnants of the nobility and vestiges of the royal aura had to anyone who didn’t show been stripped away” open and convincing (Schama) patriotism. ‐ Radical Federe soldiers ruled July 1792 – LA rids passive citizen the streets and refused to divide in NG, sign that they’re leave Paris (national anthem desperate for anyone to join army. formed) Danger increased because it gave SC ‐ Assembly’s weakness gave opportunity to be more radical and strength to SC who reinforced powerful their roles as defenders of the revolution. 10 August 1792 FACTS Who, What, Where, When Significance Historian’s Views ‐ On the orders of the ‐ In 6 weeks between fall of the ‐ “The peasantry destroyed the Revolutionary Commune, monarchy and convocation of feudal regime, but Tuilleries Palace stormed on 10 new republican legislative consolidated the agrarian August by 20000 SC,Federes body (the National structure of France” and National Guards from Convention), on 20 Sep 1792, (Lefebvre) Sections. “Power lay not with LA did all that Revolutionary ‐ Under threat of Brunswick the Assembly but with the new Commune wanted. Most manifesto, Paris became more Paris Commune” (Doyle) radical or socially progressive radical. ‐ Tuilleries only had 900 Swiss legislation of whole ‐ 3 Aug – Mayor Petion went Guards, 200-300 Knights of Revolution was passed in this to LA and demanded on Saint-Louis and 2000 National period behalf of 47/48 Sections of Guards. 560 Swiss guards ‐ 23 Aug levee en masse – Paris, that the monarchy be murdered. Assembly decreed all abolished. ‐ Power of SC left Assembly refractory priests leave France ‐ Assembly refused to depose with little choice. No longer within seven days, the King and defeated a possible to pretend that Louis ‘considering that the unrest motion to put Lafayette on could remain constitutional excited in the Kingdom by the trial. monarch, nor could Assembly priests who aren’t under the ‐ 6 Aug – meeting of Parisians pretend that it held power in oath is one of the major and Federes took place in the Paris. New insurrectionary causes of danger to the Champ de Mars and Commune had more influence fatherland”(McPhee) demanded abdication of over the population. Commune ‐ 25 Aug – Assembly took King. Faubourg Saint- not the government of France further action against Antoine, who had led the so compromises required. seigneurialism. Feudal dues sectional movement since Assembly recognized authority abolished without mid July, warned the of Commune while Commune compensation, unless there Assembly that the King must accepted decisions of was a separate legally-binding be deposed or suspended by 9 Assembly. contract to validate them. August, or the Sections ‐ Louis’ monarchy suspended, Significant step forward. would take armed action. Assembly refused to end ‐ Assembly ordered lands of ‐ 9 Aug – Revolutionary monarchy, but imprisoned royal émigrés sold in small lots, Commune established, family in Temple prison where making purchase accessible to replacing the Paris supervised by National Guard, more modest farmers, rather Commune. Made up of under control of Commune. than just to the wealthy representatives of the 48 ‐ Feuillants now seen as traitors bourgeois land holders. In last Sections of Paris and and royalists. session, on 20 Sep 1792, LA controlled the actions of the ‐ 19 Aug – Feuillant leaders passed divorce law which National Guard. Commune arrested,executed. gave women “remarkably also took command of the ‐ Deputies of LA who had been broad grounds for leaving an Federe soldiers from the constitutional monarchists (2/3 unhappy or meaningless provinces stationed in Paris. of the Assembly) went into marriage”(McPhee) hiding. ‐ “was an act of self defence ‐ Caretaker Assembly 300 against dangers, both real and Bloodiest day of the revolution so deputies dominated by imagined” (Rude) far!!! Girondins. Council of 6 ‐ “Royalty, the stake in the ministers including Danton as battle, couldn’t survive the For next 6 weeks, LA is at mercy of Minister of Justice-executive victory of the people” (Furet) the Revolutionary Commune – function. ‐ Simon Schama has seen 10 submitted to demands such as 11 Aug – Under pressure from August as a logical legalizing divorce, abolition of feudal new Revolutionary Commune, progression from the dues without compensation, women’s Assembly set date for its Storming of the Bastille, rights and universal male suffrage. dissolution. provided for arguing that: “It was not an election of National Convention incidental moment in the 10 Aug – Significant because within six weeks. history of the Revolution. It monarchy existed no more, royal Massacre of 500 Swiss guards was, in fact, its logical family placed in the dungeon. SC also consummation. From forced the hand of LA and Royal family fled to Assembly 1789…it had been the Revolutionary Commune (radical, willingness of politicians to working class body) organized Feuillants and constitutional exploit either the threat or the storming of the Tuilleries in one day. monarchists hide/arrested, fact of violence that had given Commune held more power than Assembly now dominated by them the power to challenge representative democracy. Commune 300 Brissotins/Girondins constituted authority. arrested Feuillants (Bailly, Barnave) Bloodshed was not the th 11 August 1792 – Commune forces on 19 Aug, left caretaker assembly unfortunate by-product of with 300 deputies all Left or hand of Legislative Assembly. To be dissolved on 19 September and pave revolution, it was the source unaligned. Executive of 6 was of its energy. The verses of appointed, most radical and socially way for National Convention based on universal male suffrage. the ‘Marseillaise’ and the progressive policies of revolution were great speeches of the put in place (universal male suffrage Paves way for 26 June 1793 – New Girondins had spoken of the etc.), eventually known as the Jacobin Constitution ratified but not patrie ini the absolute poetry constitution. proclaimed of life and death. Perversely, 21st Sep – French republic proclaimed. only if it could be shown that Slavery abolished blood did indeed flow in its defence could the virtues of Universal male the Revolution be shown to suffrage Effect of Aug 10 be worth dying for. Means ‐ Constitutional monarchy Direct elections has become ends. ceased to exist ‐ Assembly had no power Right of subsistence ‐ Doyle characterizes 10 anymore, Commune held it August as a ‘long awaited RIGHT OF instead trial of strength’ between the INSURRECTION ‐ All constitutional monarchists LA and Commune, in which go into hiding, Assembly ‘It was the most bloody journée of the Louis was the chief victim – dominated by Girondins. Revolution [10 August].’ – DMG “It was the bloodiest day of Leads to 23 Aug where Sutherland the Revolution so far, but also refractory priests ordered to one of the most decisive. leave France and ‘Power lay not with the Assembly but Though the King and his seigneurialism finally with the new Paris Commune.’ – family remained unscathed, abolished. William Doyle his authority fell with his ‐ “Louis downfall was also palace..few believed that he cause by the intransigence of would ever sit on the throne most nobles and the logic of again, unless with foreign popular politicization at a aid”. time of dramatic change and crisis. The declaration of war ‐ Norman Hapson said that ‘for and subsequent military the Parisian nobility, it was defeats had made his position the 10 Aug 1792 rather than impossible” (McPhee) 14 July 1789 that marked the ‐ “The popular movement had end of the ancient regime” effectively issued the ultimate challenge to the whole of ‐ Rude and other Marxists Europe; internally, the argue that actions of SC were declaration of war and understandable