ARMY, MARINE CORPS, NAVY, AIR FORCE MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FOR NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICAL RECONNAISSANCE FM 3-11.19 MCWP 3-37.4 NTTP 3-11.29 AFTTP(I) 3-2.44 JULY 2004 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FOREWORD This publication has been prepared under our direction for use by our respective commands and other commands as appropriate. STANLEY H. LILLIE EDWARD HANLON, JR. Colonel (P), CM Lieutenant General, USMC Commandant Commanding General United States Army Chemical School Marine Corps Combat Development Command JOHN M. KELLY DAVID F. MacGHEE, JR. Rear Admiral, USN Major General, USAF Commander Commander Navy Warfare Development Command Headquarters Air Force Doctrine Center This publication is available at Army Knowledge Online <www.us.army.mil>. PREFACE 1. Scope a. This publication provides multiservice tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTP) for planning and conducting nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) reconnaissance operations to detect, define the limits of, mark, sample, and identify NBC and toxic industrial material (TIM) contamination that United States (US) forces may encounter in an NBC environment. The term NBC environment as used in this publication refers to an environment in which there is deliberate or accidental employment of NBC weapons, release of industrial chemicals, or contamination with radiological materials. NOTES: 1. The terms NBC defense and chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) defense are synonymous. The United States Army (USA), United States Marine Corps (USMC), and United States Air Force (USAF) use the term NBC defense. The United States Navy (USN) uses the term CBR defense. 2. The term military decision-making process (MDMP) is the Army’s planning process. The USMC uses a similar planning process called the Marine Corps planning process (MCPP or MC2P). (For more information, see Marine Corps Warfighting Publication [MCWP] 5-1.) 3. The USMC uses the acronym METT-T (mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops available, and time). Civilian considerations are inherently measured within the context of this acronym. b. The users of this manual are NBC staff officers and noncommissioned officers (NCOs), unit commanders, and others who are involved in planning and conducting NBC reconnaissance operations. 2. Purpose This publication provides commanders, staffs, and unit leaders with a key reference for planning and conducting NBC reconnaissance operations. It addresses concepts, principles, and fundamentals for multiservice considerations. It also serves as a key source document for developing other multiservice manuals and refining existing training support packages (TSPs), training center exercises, and service school curriculum. The information furnished provides data that can be used to support NBC reconnaissance planning and operations based on intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB). 3. Application This publication is designed for use at operational and tactical levels. It supports the command staff plan for preparing and conducting NBC reconnaissance operations. It is prepared as a multiservice publication to define service capabilities when conducting i NBC reconnaissance. The manual also provides guidance on dismounted and mounted techniques for NBC reconnaissance leaders and personnel who are conducting NBC reconnaissance missions. 4. Implementation Plan Participating service command offices of primary responsibility (OPRs) will review this publication, validate the information, and reference and incorporate it in service and command manuals, regulations, and curriculum as follows: Army. The USA will incorporate this publication in appropriate training and doctrinal publications as directed by the Commander, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). Distribution is according to Department of the Army (DA) Form 12-99-R (Initial Distribution Requirements for Publications). Marine Corps. The USMC will incorporate this publication in appropriate training and doctrinal publications as directed by the Commanding General (CG), United States Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC). Distribution is according to the Marine Corps Publication Distribution System. Navy. The USN will incorporate this publication in appropriate training and doctrinal publications as directed by the Commander, Navy Warfare Development Command (NWDC). Distribution is according to the military standard requisitioning and issue procedure (MILSTRIP) desk guide and Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) Publication 409. Air Force. The USAF will validate and incorporate appropriate procedures in this publication according to applicable governing directives. Distribution is in accordance with Air Force Instruction (AFI) 33-360. 5. User Information a. The United States Army Chemical School (USACMLS) developed this publication with the joint participation of the approving service commands. b. We encourage recommended changes for improving this publication. Key your comments to the specific page and paragraph, and provide a rationale for each recommendation. Send comments and recommendations directly to— ii Army Commandant US Army Chemical School ATTN: ATSN-CM-DD 401 MANSCEN Loop, Suite 1029 Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473-8926 COMM (573) 596-0131, extension 3-7364 Marine Corps Commanding General US Marine Corps Combat Development Command ATTN: C42 (Director) 3300 Russell Road Quantico, VA 22134-5001 DSN 278-6234; COMM (703) 784-6234 Navy Commander Navy Warfare Development Command ATTN: N5 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 DSN 948-4201; COMM (401) 841-4201 Air Force HQ Air Force Doctrine Center ATTN: DJ 155 North Twining Street Maxwell AFB, AL 36112-6112 DSN 493-7442; COMM (334) 953-7442 Web site: www.doctrine.af.mil Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men. iii *FM 3-11.19 MCWP 3-37.4 NTTP 3-11.29 AFTTP(I) 3-2.44 FM 3-11.19 US Army Training and Doctrine Command Fort Monroe, Virginia MWCP 3-37.4 Marine Corps Combat Development Command Quantico, Virginia NTTP 3-11.29 Navy Warfare Development Command Newport, Rhode Island AFTTP(I) 3-2.44 Headquarters, Air Force Doctrine Center Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 30 July 2004 MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FOR NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICAL RECONNAISSANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................xiii CHAPTER I MISSIONS, CAPABILITIES, AND PRINCIPLES.................................... I-1 Background .............................................................................................. I-1 Mission..................................................................................................... I-1 Capabilities.............................................................................................. I-2 Principles.................................................................................................. I-2 Situational Awareness............................................................................ I-3 CHAPTER II OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................... II-1 Background ............................................................................................. II-1 Threat Environment............................................................................... II-1 Land Environment ................................................................................. II-3 Maritime Environment.......................................................................... II-3 Air Environment..................................................................................... II-4 _______________ DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes FM 3-19, 19 November 1993. iv Page Space Environment............................................................................... II-4 Civil/Infrastructure Environment........................................................ II-4 Weather Factors.................................................................................... II-5 CHAPTER III SUPPORT TO MILITARY OPERATIONS ............................................ III-1 Background .......................................................................................... III-1 Peacetime Preparedness...................................................................... III-1 Transition to Operations ..................................................................... III-7 During Attack and Postattack............................................................. III-8 Sustained Combat Operations .......................................................... III-10 Conflict Termination.......................................................................... III-22 CHAPTER IV PLANNING............................................................................................IV-1 Background ..........................................................................................IV-1 Levels....................................................................................................IV-1 Concept .................................................................................................IV-1 Military Decision-Making Process ......................................................IV-1 CHAPTER V CAPABILITIES.......................................................................................V-1