View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES D I P L O M A R B E I T Titel der Diplomarbeit „Austrian Foreign Policy under Alois Mock: A Security Analysis Applied to the Relations between Austria and Hungary during the Dissolution of the Eastern Bloc and to Austria’s Quest for European Union Membership.“ Verfasserin: Magdalena Brottrager angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A-300 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.-Doz. Dr. Paul Luif 2 Danksagung Diese Seite möchte ich nutzen um all jenen zu danken die mich zum Gelingen der Diplomarbeit durch Gespräche und konstruktive Kritik unterstützt haben. Bedanken möchte ich mich auch bei meinen Freunden, die mir stets den Rücken stärken und auf deren Freundschaft ich nicht verzichten möchte. Besonderer Dank gilt meiner Familie, ohne deren Unterstützung ich diese Zeilen wahrscheinlich nicht schreiben würde. Danke! 3 Index Index ........................................................................................................................................................................4 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................6 1.1 Hypothesis .....................................................................................................................................................7 1.2 Method ..........................................................................................................................................................8 1.3 Structure ........................................................................................................................................................9 2. Alois Mock .........................................................................................................................................................11 2.1 Biography .....................................................................................................................................................11 2.2 Mock’s International Career ........................................................................................................................28 2.3 The Foreign Minister from 1987-1995 .........................................................................................................29 3. Austrian Relations with Hungary in 1989 .........................................................................................................31 3.1 Historical Outline of Hungarian History in the 20th Century .......................................................................32 3.2 Hungary’s Relations with Austria.................................................................................................................37 3.2.1 Relations before 1989 ..........................................................................................................................38 3.2.2 1989 – Annus Mirabilis .........................................................................................................................43 3.2.3 The years following the Annus Mirabilis ..............................................................................................51 3.3 Summary ......................................................................................................................................................59 4. The Quest for European Union Membership ...................................................................................................62 4.1 It all began with the ECSC… .........................................................................................................................62 4.2 The European Free Trade Association ..........................................................................................................64 4.3 The European Community & Austria before 1987 .......................................................................................67 4.4 The European Community & Austria from 1987 until the application in 1989 ............................................71 4.5 The Path to the Beginning of Actual Negotiations.......................................................................................87 4.6 Actual negotiations with the EU ..................................................................................................................96 4.7 The Final Steps to Membership after the Successful Negotiations ............................................................102 4.8 Summary ....................................................................................................................................................104 5. Security Studies as a Mean to Explain the Empirical Events ..........................................................................106 5.1 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................................106 5.1.1 Security ...............................................................................................................................................106 5.1.2 Actors .................................................................................................................................................107 5.1.3 Referent object ...................................................................................................................................108 5.2 Development of Security Studies ...............................................................................................................108 5.2.1 The birth of Security Studies ..............................................................................................................108 5.2.2 Realism ...............................................................................................................................................111 5.2.3 Liberalism ...........................................................................................................................................114 5.2.4 Comeback of Security Studies ............................................................................................................118 4 5.3 The Copenhagen School .............................................................................................................................119 5.3.1 Securitization ......................................................................................................................................121 5.4 Case Studies ...............................................................................................................................................123 5.4.1 Securitization during the Dissolution of Eastern Europe....................................................................124 5.4.2 Securitization in the Process of Becoming an EU-Member ................................................................126 5.5 Summary ....................................................................................................................................................130 6. Conclusion........................................................................................................................................................131 7. Appendix ..........................................................................................................................................................133 7.1 Mock and Horn meet at the border to cut through the Iron Curtain .........................................................133 7.2 Signing the Accession Treaty .....................................................................................................................133 7.3 Securitization spectrum .............................................................................................................................134 8. Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................................135 9. Bibliography .....................................................................................................................................................137 10. Abstracts ........................................................................................................................................................142 10.1 Abstract German......................................................................................................................................142 10.2 Abstract English .......................................................................................................................................143 11. Curriculum Vitae ............................................................................................................................................144 5 1. Introduction “The diversification within the international security-political spectrum also has to be seen in connection within the light of the new security concept, in which the military security is only seen as a component in a broader definition of national and international security, which includes economical, social, ethnical, religious, national and human aspects.”1 The 1993 Annual Report by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs paid tribute to the diversification of the understanding