RANGANATHAN SVN KONDALA'S WWW.ONLINEIASCOACHING.COM 1857 T0 1905 The Great Revolt to The Great Struggle ModernFrom Indian Downloaded History www.studymasterofficial.com WWW.ONLINEIASCOACHING.COM www.unacademy.com/@srivenr 1 Contents 1857 – Revolt ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Causes Of The Revolt ......................................................................................................................... 7 Political Causes .................................................................................................................................... 7 Annexations of Princely States ..................................................................................................... 7 Abolition of Regal Titles ................................................................................................................ 8 Rule of the British ........................................................................................................................... 8 Economic and Administrative Cause ............................................................................................... 8 Land Revenue Settlements ............................................................................................................ 8 Destruction of Indian Trade, Handicraft and Industry ............................................................ 9 Alienation of the Upper and Middle Classes ............................................................................. 9 Social and Religious Causes ............................................................................................................From 10 British Attitude of Racial Discrimination .................................................................................. 10 British Interference in Religion and Culture ............................................................................ 10 Military Causes .................................................................................................................................. 11 Grievances of the Sepoys ............................................................................................................. 11 Professional Grievances ............................................................................................................... 11 Religious Grievances .................................................................................................................... 12 Immediate Cause ............................................................................................................................... 12 The Mutiny And The Revolt ................................................................................................................ 13 The Mutiny ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Spread of the Revolt ..................................................................................................................... 14 Storm Centres .................................................................................................................................... 16 The DefeatDownloaded of Mutineers ................................................................................................................... 17 Causes Of Failure Of The Revolt .................................................................................................... 18 Significance ........................................................................................................................................ 20 Impact Of The Revolt ........................................................................................................................ 22 The Changes Post Revolt ............................................................................................................. 22 Change in Policy Towards the Upper Classes {Princes and Landlords) .............................. 23 Change in Policy Towards the Common Masses ......................................................................... 24 Changeswww.studymasterofficial.com and Impact: Indian Economy ............................................................................................... 25 Company policy of Merchant Trade .............................................................................................. 26 Trade to Land Revenue .................................................................................................................... 27 Ranganthan SVN Kondala – Telegram @ UPSCGS1 ( https://t.me/upscgs1) 2 Changing Phases: Colonialism to Administrator ......................................................................... 27 1600-1757 – Precolonial Stage .......................................................................................................... 27 Era of Merchant Capitalism or Mercantilism (1757 to 1813) ...................................................... 28 Industrial Capitalism 1813 to 1857 ................................................................................................. 32 Changes In Indian Agrarian Structure ........................................................................................... 32 New Land Revenue Settlement ....................................................................................................... 33 Early Experiments with Land Revenue ......................................................................................... 33 Permanent Settlement (by Cornwallis, Bengal, 1793) ............................................................. 35 Ryotwari System ........................................................................................................................... 37 Mahalwari System (Northern India, 1822) ............................................................................... 38 Economic Impact of Various Land Revenue Settlements ........................................................... 39 Economic Impact Of British Rule In India ..................................................................................... 40 Disruption of Traditional Economy ............................................................................................... 40 Ruin of Old Zamindars and Rise of New Landed ClassesFrom ..................................................... 40 De-Industrialisation and Ruralisation of Indian Economy .................................................... 40 Commercialisation of Agriculture ............................................................................................. 42 Commercialisation of Agriculture – Effects.............................................................................. 42 Positive Impacts of Commercialization of Agriculture: ......................................................... 43 Drain of wealth .................................................................................................................................. 43 Early Drain of wealth ................................................................................................................... 43 Dadabhai Naoroji’s theory of the Drain of Wealth .................................................................. 44 Factors of External Drain ............................................................................................................. 44 Council Bills................................................................................................................................... 45 Interest on Foreign Capital Investments ................................................................................... 46 Foreign Banking ............................................................................................................................ 46 Rise ofDownloaded Modern Industries under the British ................................................................................. 49 Roads and Indian Railways ........................................................................................................ 49 Postal System and Telegraph ...................................................................................................... 49 Press ................................................................................................................................................ 49 New Indian Bourgeoisie ................................................................................................................... 50 Administrative Developments ( 1784 t0 1858 ) .................................................................................. 52 www.studymasterofficial.comThe Pitt’s India Act (1784) ................................................................................................................ 52 Provisions of the 1784 Act: ............................................................................................................... 52 Result of Creation of Board of Control: ......................................................................................... 52 Ranganthan SVN Kondala – Telegram @ UPSCGS1 ( https://t.me/upscgs1) 3 Impact on Governor General-in Council: .....................................................................................