Yamas and Niyamas Compiled by: Trisha Lamb Last Revised: April 27, 2006 © International Association of Yoga Therapists (IAYT) 2005 International Association of Yoga Therapists P.O. Box 2513 • Prescott • AZ 86302 • Phone: 928-541-0004 E-mail: [email protected] • URL: www.iayt.org The contents of this bibliography do not provide medical advice and should not be so interpreted. Before beginning any exercise program, see your physician for clearance. The practice of Yamas and Niyamas has been likened to picking up a garland of flowers. If you pick up one flower of a garland, the rest will come with it automatically . In the same manner, if you choose just one Yama or Niyama to practice, you will find the others beginning to manifest in your life as well. —Swami Rajarshi Muni Yoga: The Ultimate Attainment, p. 181 Agarwal, S. P. Lokasamgraha and ahimsa in the Bhagavad Gita. Journal of Dharma, Jul- Sep 1991, 16(3):255-268. Ahimsa and ecology. Theme of Journal of Dharma, Jul-Sep 1991, 16(3). (Individual articles are also cited in this bibliography.) Aitken, Robert. The Mind of Clover: Essays in Zen Buddhist Ethics. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1984. These essays introduce the Ten Grave Precepts and “shed light on a number of contemporary issues in Buddhist ethics, including the environment.” Anderson, Sandra. Moving inward: Asana in light of the yamas and niyamas. Yoga International, Dec/Jan 2004, pp. 88-95. Anonymous. How Barbie helped me find my dharma. YogaLife, Jan/Feb 2001, p. 20. (On ahimsa.) Aparigraha: The yama of more. Article available online: http://www.allspiritfitness.com/library/features/aa121400a.shtml. Arapura, John G. Ahimsa in basic Hindu scriptures, with reference to cosmo-ethics (ecology). Journal of Dharma, Jul-Sep 1991, 16(3):197-210. Arin, Danielle. An inspiration. Available online: http://indigo.ie/~cmouze/yoga_online/inspiration.htm. On the correlation between the eight limbs of yoga (as described in the second chapter of Patanjali’s Yoga-Sutra) and the attitude toward the postures. The author quotes B. K. S. Iyengar, who states, “Practice of asanas without the backing of yama and niyama is mere acrobatics.” Atmananda, Swami. Ethics: The first positive step in spirituality. In Swami Atmananda, The Four Yogas: The Four Paths to Spiritual Enlightenment (in the Words of Ancient Rishis). 2d ed. Bombay, India: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1991, pp. 217-218. 2 Attwood, Michael. Suicide as a response to suffering. Western Buddhist Review, Vol. 4. Article available online: http://www.westernbuddhistreview.com/vol4/suicide_as_a_response_to_suffering.html. Baier, Karl. Yama in asana; Niyama in asana. From the article “Iyengar & the yoga tradition, part 2.” Yoga & Health, Oct 1997, p. 29. Bdhe, R. Yoga and moral education. Abstract, 2nd International Conference on Yoga Education and Research, Kaivalyadhama (Lonavla), India, 1-4 January 1988. Yoga- Mimamsa, 27(1&2):33. Bergmann, Gudjon. The prequel (letter to the editor). Yoga Journal, Sep/Oct 2002, p. 18. On the necessity to practice the yamas and niyamas if one is to avoid egotistical involvement with Yoga. Bhogal, R. S., and M. L. Gharote. Yoga and education of values. Abstract, 2nd International Conference on Yoga Education and Research, Kaivalyadhama (Lonavla), India, 1-4 January 1988. Boccio, Frank Jude. Ahimsa: Non-harming. 1 Mar 2002. Article available online: http://www.judekaruna.net/archives/2002_02_24_archive.html. ___________. Asteya: Non-stealing. 24 Apr 2002. Article available online: http://www.judekaruna.net/archives/2002_04_21_archive.html. ___________. Brahmacarya: Sexual responsibility. 15 May 2002. Article available online: http://www.judekaruna.net/dharma_talks.html. ___________. Building the foundation of practice. 18 Feb 2002. Article available online: http://www.judekaruna.net/archives/2002_02_17_archive.html. On the importance of the yamas and niyamas. Brahmacharya: An essential practice for yogis. Article available online: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Ithaca/9012/brahmacharya.htm. “What Brahmacharya is not: It is not austerity. It is not abstinence. It is not ‘no sex.’ “What Brahmacharya is: Brahmacharya is the conservation and self-control of vital factors and forces within the body and mind. Every action, thought and emotion uses up these vital factors. They are replenished by the inputs of sensory experience, diet, oxygen intake and lifestyle. This depletion/replenishment process is going on constantly. If the Yogi can maintain correct levels of these factors at all times and control them, health will be excellent, and progress will be fast . .” 3 Brahmeshananda, Swami. We need a different sexual revolution: Few people realize that uncontrolled sexual indulgence can lead to destruction and ruin. Hinduism Today, May/Jun 2001, p. 66. (On brahmacharya.) ___________. Personal development versus social well-being. Prabuddha Bharata, Jan 2003, pp. 44-48. Budilovsky, Joan. Yoga for a New Day. URL: http://www.yoyoga.com/books2.html. From the author’s website: “. explores the basic Yoga Philosophy of Observances and Abstentions. It also takes you through a series of Yoga Asanas/Postures that will strengthen your body as well as relax you.” Buitenen, J. A. B. Van. Dharma and moksa. Philosophy East and West, 1957, 7(1):33- 40. Butling, Joy E. Yamas and niyamas and the Ten Commandments: A comparison. Self- published. IAYT holds a copy. Butler, Katy. Say it right. Tricycle, Winter 2002, pp. 48-51. “According to former psychologist Marshall Rosenberg, needs are never in opposition— only our strategies for meeting them are. A number of dharma teachers are finding that Rosenberg’s methods can serve as a support for the Buddhist practice of Right Speech.” Catalfo, Phillip. Violence against self: Are you relating to yourself in a manner that results in your life being more emotionally or physically violent than it need be? Yoga Journal, Mar/Apr 2001. Article available online: http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/443_1.cfm. Chapple, Christopher. Nonviolence to Animals, Earth, and Self in Asian Traditions. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1993. “Probes the origins of the practice of nonviolence in early India and traces its path within the Jaina, Hindu, and Buddhist traditions, including its impact on East Asian Cultures.” ___________. Jainism and Ecology: Nonviolence in the Web of Life. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002. Cherupallikkatt, Fr. Xavier. Decalogal potential of Raja Yoga. Yoga Awareness, May 1980, 4(2):11-17. (Discusses the common thread among the biblical Ten Commandments and the yamas and niyamas.) 4 Chidananda, Swami. The role of celibacy [brahmacarya] in the spiritual life. Tehri- Garhwal, Uttaranchal, Himalayas, India: The Divine Life Society, 2001. Available online: http://www.SivanandaDlshq.org/download/download.htm#celibacy. Christensen, Alice. Ethics in Yoga: The Yamas and Niyamas video. American Yoga Association. From the website: “See Yoga philosophy in action in these candid lecture/discussion classes led by Alice Christensen. Learn along with serious Yoga students as they try to assimilate the ethical guidelines of Patanjali and practice applying the principles to everyday life. Each class includes excerpts from videotapes of interviews with Lakshmanjoo.” ___________. Ethics of Yoga: The Yamas and Niyamas. American Yoga Association. From the website: “Alice and Lakshmanjoo converse in Kashmir about the ethical guidelines of Yoga. These conversations were the inspiration for Alice’s videotaped lectures “Ethics in Yoga” (see above) and her book Yoga of the Heart.” ___________. 10 ways to be your own best friend [on the yamas and niyamas] . In Alice Christensen, 20-Minute Yoga Workouts. New York: Ballentine Books, 1995, pp. 131-137. ___________. Yoga of the Heart: Ten Ethical Principles for Gaining Limitless Growth, Confidence, and Achievement. New York: Rodale Press (Daybreak Books), 1998. Cummins, Claudia. Life without sex? [on brahmacarya]. Yoga Journal, Nov 2002, pp. 96-99, 158-161. (See also follow-up letters to the editor in the Mar/Apr 2003 issue, pp. 14-16.) “Some ancient texts insist celibacy is a must on the yogic path, but few modern practitioners opt for such an ascetic lifestyle. That raises a sticky question: Can we really have our sex and our yoga too?” Dervish, Tarik. Yama and niyama in the modern world, Part 1: Yama. Spectrum: The Journal of the British Wheel of Yoga, Summer 2000, pp. 16-18. ___________. Yama and niyama in the modern world, Part 2: Niyama. Spectrum: The Journal of the British Wheel of Yoga, Autumn 2000, pp. 18-19. Devi Bhavanani, Meenakshi. Restoring the values to Yoga. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Yoga Research and Value Education, 28-31 December, 2003, Kaivalyadham, Lonavla, Maharashtra, India. Yoga Life, Feb 2003, 34(2):12-17. “It has been said that ‘politics is the last refuge of scoundrels,’ but it seems the rascals have found another place to hide—in the field of modern, commercialized Yoga! . .” 5 ___________. Evolutionary quirks, yama – niyama and the brain of man. Dharmasiri, Gunapala. Fundamentals of Buddhist Ethics. Antioch, Calif.: Golden Leaves. Diwakar, R. R. Asceticism: An imperative self-control. The Yoga Review, 1984, 4(3&4):115-124. Don’t worry, be santosha. Yoga says you can be happy—even when everything sucks. Article available online: http://www.allspiritfitness.com/library/features/aa033001a.shtml. Duggal, Satyapal. Isvara Pranidhana: Surrender unto Him. Yoga and Total Health, Mar 2003, pp. 18-19. Easwaran, Eknath. Infinite zero: Making peace with the planet and ourselves. Yoga International, Aug/Sep 2003, pp. 66-73. (Discusses ahimsa.) Farhi, Donna. Yoga Mind, Body, and Spirit Faulds, Shoban and Danna. Sayings of Swami Kripalu. Available from Danna Faulds, [email protected]. In Chapter 4 Shoban Faulds gives an introduction to the yamas and niyamas, and subsequent chapters bring Swami Kripalu’s reflections on each of them. Feuerstein, Georg. A note on karma and rebirth in the Vedas. Hinduism, Winter 1978, no. 83, pp. 26-28. A review of Agehananda Bharati’s The Light at the Centre: Context and Pretext of Modern Mysticism (Santa Barbara: Ross-Erikson, 1976).