Zoran Franc VPLIV JEZIKA V MEDIJIH NA MLADOSTNIKE Z ANALIZO IZBRANIH ODDAJ NA RADIU CITY Magistrsko delo Maribor, november 2016 VPLIV JEZIKA V MEDIJIH NA MLADOSTNIKE Z ANALIZO IZBRANIH ODDAJ NA RADIU CITY Magistrsko delo Študent: Zoran Franc Študijski program: 2. bolonjska stopnja – magistrski program Slovenski jezik in književnost (enopred. ped.) Mentorica: doc. dr. Simona Pulko Somentorica: izr. prof. dr. Melita Zemljak Jontes Maribor, november 2016 Koroška cesta 160 2000 Maribor, Slovenija PRILOGA 6B IZJAVA Podpisani Zoran Franc, rojen 29. 10. 1987, študent Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru, študijskega programa 2. stopnje Slovenski jezik in književnost, izjavljam, da je magistrsko delo z naslovom Vpliv jezika v medijih na mladostnike z analizo izbranih oddaj na Radiu City pri mentorici doc. dr. Simoni Pulko in somentorici izr. prof. dr. Meliti Zemljak Jontes avtorsko delo. V magistrskem delu so uporabljeni viri in literatura korektno navedeni; teksti niso prepisani brez navedbe avtorjev. ______________________________ (podpis študenta-ke Kraj: Maribor Datum: 12. 11. 2016 ZAHVALA Iskreno se zahvaljujem mentoricama doc. dr. Simoni Pulko in izr. prof. dr. Meliti Zemljak Jontes za vso strokovno pomoč pri nastajanju magistrskega dela. Zahvaljujem se celotni družini, ki mi je v težkih trenutkih nesebično stala ob strani in me bodrila ter usmerjala po poti življenja. Posebna zahvala gre bratu Milanu za nesebično pomoč pri nastanku magistrskega dela in omi za brezpogojno ljubezen. Prav tako se zahvaljujem prijateljem in skupini Mugeba, ki mi stojijo ob strani in verjamejo vame. Posebej se zahvaljujem Ianu za spodbudo, nesebičnost, vztrajnost in obilico potrpežljivosti. In na koncu, dragi starši, hvala, da ste mi podarili življenje in da pazite name. POVZETEK Radio kot govorjeni medij, ki ne uporablja slike, je skupek govorjenja in glasbe, ki se prenaša prek določenih radijskih valov, zakupljenih na določeni radijski frekvenci. Vsaka radijska postaja posluje s svojo radijsko politiko in shemo, ki jo odgovorni uredniki pripravijo in določijo vnaprej. Shema vsebuje elemente razvedrilnega in informativnega programa, ki se razlikuje med radijskimi postajami in je različno razdeljena, razen splošno utečenih normiranih postavitev informativnega obveščanja. Preverili smo poslušanost radia v izbranem časovnem obdobju po meritvah Mediane, pregledali programsko shemo in politiko, se osredotočili na jezikovno in govorno kompetenco radijskih govorcev, ki so najprej usmerjeni na poslušalca, ter dodaten pregled namenili analiziranju govora radijskih govorcev. Ker gre za javno občilo, namenjeno širši javnosti, del katere so tudi mladostniki, smo preverili jezikovno in govorno kompetenco in vplive, ki se kažejo na mladostnikih, ter izpeljali preizkus poslušanosti radijske postaje med mladostniki in dovzetnost uveljavljenih govornih norm, ki se dnevno večkrat pojavljajo v radijskem programu. Zanimalo nas je, ali prevzemajo določene oblike, in če, koliko se vpliv tudi kaže. Upoštevali smo njihovo mnenje in mišljenje o medijih ter zbrane podatke analizirali in predstavili. Ključne besede: radio, programska shema, poslušalec, radijski govorec, mladostniki, radijska postaja ABSTRACT As a typical medium of speech that does not use any visual material radio mainly consists of speaking and music that are transmitted by precisely defined radio waves that are leased on certain radio frequency. Each radio station operates in accordance with its own policy and programme schedule that is determined by its chief editors in advance. Radio programme schedule consists of informative and amusement parts. Their total quality and length vary considerably between different radio stations that address different types of public (except for generally defined norms of informative transmission). In turn, I checked the listening rates of Radio City during a particular period of time (according to the Mediana statistical measurements), made an overview of programme schedule and policy, and, finaly, focused on language and speaking competences of radio presenters that are mainly directed towards the particular kind of listeners. Additional attention was paid to the analysis of radio presenters' speech. Since Radio City is a type of public medium intended for broader public that also entails young people, we also verified language and speech competences of juveniles together with various influences that can be observed in young population. Apart from that, I have also conducted a research regarding the listening rate among them and their susceptibility to the established speech norms that frequently occur in daily radio programme. Consequently, I was especially interested in their radio-induced imitation of certain speech forms, and the degree of their influence. Togetheir with their own opinion of media, I finally collected the relevant data by my own questionnaires. The findings were subsequently analysed and presented accordingly. Key words: radio, program scheme, radio audience, radio speaker, youth, radio station Kazalo vsebine 1 UVOD .................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Opredelitev področja in opis problema ........................................................................................ 7 1.2 Namen, cilji in osnovne opredelitve .............................................................................................. 7 1.3 Predpostavke in omejitve raziskovanja ......................................................................................... 8 1.4 Predvidene metode raziskovanja .................................................................................................. 9 2 TEORETIČNI DEL .................................................................................................................................. 10 3 GOVOR IN JEZIK .................................................................................................................................. 10 3.1 Zvrstnost jezika ............................................................................................................................ 10 3.1.2 Socialne zvrsti jezika ................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.3 Funkcijske zvrsti jezika .............................................................................................................. 12 3.2 Razmerje med zbornim jezikom, pogovornim jezikom in narečjem ........................................... 13 3.3 Uporaba in delitev jezika v radijskem programu ......................................................................... 16 3.3.1 Mestne govorice ....................................................................................................................... 16 3.3.2 Prevzete besede ....................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.3 Mariborska mestna govorica in prevzeto besedje ................................................................... 18 3.4 Tvorba diskurza ........................................................................................................................... 19 4 RADIO ............................................................................................................................................. 21 4.1 Zgodovina radia ........................................................................................................................... 21 4.2 Predstavitev zgodovine in razvoja Radia City .............................................................................. 24 4.2.1 Radijska politika ........................................................................................................................ 25 4.2.2 Programska shema ................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.3 Delitev razvedrilnega in informativnega programa ................................................................. 33 4.3 Radijska igra Reporter Milan ....................................................................................................... 33 4.4 Kultura govora na komercialnem radiu ....................................................................................... 34 5 MLADI IN MEDIJI ................................................................................................................................. 35 5.1 Prisotnost medijev med mladimi ................................................................................................ 35 5.2 Vpliv medijev na mlade ............................................................................................................... 36 6 EMPIRIČNI DEL .................................................................................................................................... 39 6.1 Namen in cilji raziskave ............................................................................................................... 39 6.2 Raziskovalne metode ................................................................................................................... 39 6.3 Raziskovalni vzorec ...................................................................................................................... 39 6.4 Postopek zbiranja podatkov ........................................................................................................ 40 6.4.1