n. Discourseon theHistory orArchaeology Oavid George Hogarth at Asyut, Egypt. 1906-1907 The History of a "lost" Excavation by DonaldP.Ryan Divisionof Humanities PacificLutheran University Introduction; Whileengaged in a studyof ancientE gyptiancordage in the British Musemn during 1984. I came across a fiagmentof rope recoveredAsyut, from E gyptby the British archaeologist, D.G. Hogarth. Inin vestigatingthis artifact, I learnedthat this ex cava­ tionby Hogarth was known very to few scholarsand bad never been published.(I) Intrigned by thedata I encounteredin Hogarth'snotes, I initiateda projectto organize,c1arify. and make available the information foundtherein. A reconstructed excavationbased report on Hogarth'sfield notes,corres pondenceand British Museumrecords curren is tlyin press (Ryan, in press). Apartfrom thearchaeological data itself which is ofsignificant EgyptOlogica1 interest, Hogarth's materialprovides an intriguing personalglimpse at thegoings-on of anEgyptian excavation in the early partof the 20th century. Variousdocuments provide much of thestOIy from the conception of theidea for an expedition to the ultimatedisposition of manyof theartifacts derived therefrom. Theof Beginnings an E xcajation: In 1894, B.A. WalIisBudge wasappointed of Keeper theDepartment o f Egyptianand AssyrianAntiquities in theBritish Mu ­ seum. Academically diverse,energetic, and unsw ervinglyloyal tohis Musewn. Budge worked very hard to enhance his Department's collections.(2) Dminga meeting ofthe Trus teesof theBritish Museumon Ihe 13th of January, 1906, thefollowing motion waspassed: TheTrus teesved appro a recommendationby the Director [Sir Edward Thompson] thatDr. Budge besent out on a visit of aboutthree weeksto Egypt, to confer with Mr. Maspero (3) [Directorof theEgyptian Service des AntiquMs] witha viewto obtaining a concessionfrom Egyptian the Government to the Trusteesof the BritishMuseum of a smallsite for excavation... {TM, 13 Jan. 1906, p. 2178). In pursuanceof this directive,Budge leftLondon for Egypt on March3, 1906 and returned onthe30th of thatmonth. Budge reportedthat he haddiscussed Maspero wilh the subjectof obraininga concession withan objective ''to obtain objects necessary � fill up thegaps in OlD' collection"(BM1283). He notedthat the British Museum "could not afford toissue largepublications or " plansof sites on a largescale" (BM 1283). As a result,Maspero suggested thesite of Khawaled,(4) near AsyuL Partof the site hadalready been concededto the Italian,Em estoSchiaparelli,(S) but anarea extending tothe town of Dronkawas fe asible. Khawaled wassaid to contain "many tombs of theXVIllth [c.1SS0-1307 Dynasty B.C.], and tombsof a farearlier period, containing woodensratnes , etcH (BM 1283). Budge indicatedthat the" British ,Museum was willing pay £1,000 "fora few years provided theresults weresatisfactory" (BM 1283). MasperolD'ged Budge to apply and offeredto geamm for anothersite should Khawaledprove unproductive (BM 1283). Budge returned to England on March30th, and on April7th, the Trus tees consideredhis report and directed him to apply for the recommendedconcession ('I'M 7 April1906 p. 2205). Budge applied atonce on behalfof the Trustees pennissionfor toexcavate at Khawaled. While his letterof applicationwas in transit,however, be received wordfrom Maspero that the conces sion at Khawaledhad been granted to W.M. Flinders Petrie (6) by theComite d'Egyptologie of theService des Antiquit6s (BM 1621). As consolation,Maspero offered two othersites: Abydos (7)and Asynt, "thelatter containing tombs of the X-Xllth dynasties" (BM 1621). Weighingthe meritsof each, Budge selectedAsyut andthe Director of the British Museum telegraphedthis inten­ tionto Maspero on Apri124th(BM 1621). Budge's preferencefor the sitewas given as follows: The sitenow askedfor contains certaintombs of the last princesof Manetbo'sXth Dynastyand nobles of 3 the HerakleopolitanDynasty, who wereengaged in resistingto [sic] advance ofUteTheban princes to the north. Of thehistory of thatperiod very little is knownan4 it may reasonablyexpected be that successful excavations on the site will materially advance the knowledge of the historyof that time" (BM 1621, TM, 12 May 1906,pp. 2216-2217). On May 30th, 1906,a letterfrom Maspero ived arr grantiDga concessionto the British Mu seum for •• les localit6s voisines d' Assiout, sous lareserve que vous devrez vous arranger, pourles limites, avec Mr.Schiaparelli a qui nous avons deja concedeune partie de ces localit6s."(8) Thispermit '"for the proposed excavation" was notedby the Trusteeson the14th of July,and Budge's prosecutionof the project was approved('I'M. 14 July 1906,p.2241). Ina letter to theTrustees datedOctober 12th, 1906, Budge suggestedthat steps betaken to begin the excavationin Novemberand describedthe site asfollows: Thesite is situateda littleto the north of Asyut,and the southernend of it hasbeen granted to Prof. Schiaparelli. It containstombs of all periods,from the IXthto the XXXth dynasty. [c.2134-343 B.C.] andin Coptictimes a flourishingcommunity of Christianslived there" (BM 3468). D.G. Hogarth was recommendedfor the taskas one "whoseskill and experience arewell known." Hogarth,an archaeologist trainedin the Classics, had been involvedsporadically in archaeological projects in Egyptduring theprevious dozen years. Though not anEgyptologist, his generalarchaeological were abilities quite COmpetenL Budge suggestedthat Hogarth be paid £3 perday, round-trip fare from England and otherttavel expenses (BM 3468). It was anticipatedthat the season's worlcwould be completedin threeor fourmonths and a sum for allexpenses was suggestedat £1,500. TheTrus teesapproved all (I'M13 Ocl . 1906 p.2260. TM 10 Nov. 1906p.2274). David George HOiarth: Pavid GeorgeHogarth was bornon the 23rd of May,1862 atBarton-on-Humber, Lincolnshire. Eogland. Biographicalinforma­ tion on Hogarthis rare. It is found hereand therein obituaries(e.g. Courtney 1928. Fletcher 1928, Kenyon 1931-40,Sayce 1927. alsoWWE p.204·05), biographies of T.E. Lawrence (e.g. Aldington 1955. Mack 1976)and sporadicallyin some of his own works (e.g. Hogarth 1896a,1910,1925). Aldington wrote: "Hogarthwas one of those 'hide thylife' Oxford scholars who seems to have beensuccessful in evading any attempts whichmay have been made to publicisehim " (Aldington 1955. p.75). A definitive biographyof 'thisimportant man has yet tobe written. In 1881. Hogarth·s collegecaree r beganat Magdalen College. Oxford, where his studies centered uponthe Classics. He com­ pleted his undergraduatedays in 1885 and Oxford would remainhis academichome for the durationof his life,as a Fellow and lateras a Museum Keeper. In 1886. Hogarthwas elected the first Craven Fellow. which allowed him to ttavel and study in the Classical world and the following yearhe set off to reeceG toserve as the apprentice to WilIiam Martin Ramsay,the epigrapher andexplorer of AsiaMinor. He journeyedto Cyprusin 1886 wherebe assisted in an excavation at Paphosand exploredand recorded the.less-visited sites of antiquity on theisland (Hogarth (1889). In 1894, Hogarth visited Egypt for the flISttime at the behestof the EgyptExploration Fundin order to assist Swiss Egyptologist Edouard Naville withhis excavationsat Deirel-Bahri (Davies 1982 p.58). Thenext twoyears found Hogarthexploring a few other sitesin Egypt,with a distinctpreference for Greek remains. as exemplifiedby his explorationof a Graeco-Romancemetery in Alexandriain 1895 (Hogarthand Benson 1895), and his papyrihunting activities in theFayum (Grenfell. Hunt and Hogarth 1900). ThoughHogarth decidedly did not acquirea tastefor pharaonicart and culture(Hogarth 1896a,pp. 157-170), it was neverthelessin Egyptthat he learnedthe higher archaeologicalstandards of his time asthey were being developedby W.M.F. Petrie at sites such as Koptos (Hogarth 1896b; 1910. pp.19-20). In 1897. Hogartliserved as a warcorrespo ndentfor the London Times inCrete and Thessaly. Thatsame year he wasappointed directorof theBritish School of Archaeologyin Athens. While director,he workedin 1899 at the site of Naukratis,an ancient Greek town located in theEgyptian delta and alsothe site ofPhylakopi at Melos (Hogarth1904). He wasalso able to join Arthur Evans withhis excavationsat Knossos, Crete. Hogarth excavated briefly at Zakroon Crete in 1901 (Hogarth 1901) andreturned to Naukratis in 1903 (Hogarth.Lorimer and Edgar1905). During 1904-1905,he excavatedthe temple of Artemis at Ephesus forthe BritishMu seum (Hogarth 1908),and thenjourneyed back to Egyptat therequest of theMuseum, to excavate at Asyutduring the winter of 1906-1907. MterAsyut, Hogarthwould neveragain dig inEgypt and his careeras anexcavator would continue for only a few moreyears. Verynotable is 4 his work.at the ancientHittite site of Carchemishin northernSyria where he wouldinitiate season thefirst of excavationsthere under the auspicesof theBritish Museum in 1911 (HOgarth1914). Hogarthwas appOin tedKeeper of theAshmolean Museum at Oxfordin 1909. While themajority of Hogarth'slife wasdedicated to archaeological pwsuits, he is knownto manyas the mentor of T.E. Lawrence.the famed "Lawrence of Arabia". With theoutbreak of theFmt WorldWar. Hogarth offered his services toBritain in 1915 andwas appointed Director of theArab Bmeauin Cairo where he served from 1916-1919 (BidwellI978). During the war, Hogarth earned,among otherhonors. a DLitt. Degreefrom Oxford andthe Gold Medal of theRoyal GeographicalSociety. Following thewar, he partiCipatedin the VersaillesPeace Conference as theBritish Commissioner for