CTTolling_Volume II:Layout 1 2/18/2009 11:01 AM Page 1 draft final report Connecticut Electronic Tolls and Congestion Pricing Study Volume 2 – Background Report prepared for Connecticut Transportation Strategy Board Connecticut Office of Policy and Management prepared by Cambridge Systematics, Inc. 100 CambridgePark Drive, Suite 400 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140 with Urbitran, a division of DMJM Harris/AECOM IBI Group Fitzgerald & Halliday, Inc. Sam Schwartz, PLLC February 2009 Draft Final (February 2009) Connecticut Electronic Tolls and Congestion Pricing Study – Draft Final Report – Volume 2: Background Report Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background and Overview.................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Methodology.......................................................................................................... 1-4 2.0 Institutional and Legal Considerations.................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Legal Implications of Past Actions ..................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Federal Laws Related to Tolling and Congestion Pricing ............................... 2-2 2.3 Connecticut Statutes............................................................................................. 2-8 2.4 Legal and Institutional Aspects of Enforcement............................................... 2-9 2.5 Institutional Considerations................................................................................ 2-10 3.0 All Electronic Tolling – Operational and Deployment Challenges.................... 3-1 3.1 All Electronic Tolling – Operational Program Functions ................................ 3-1 3.2 All Electronic Tolling Deployment..................................................................... 3-19 4.0 Consideration of Public-Private Partnerships and Contractual Issues.............. 4-1 4.1 PPP Approaches.................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Institutional Considerations in Establishing a PPP Program.......................................................................................................... 4-4 4.3 Applying PPP Approaches to Projects – Theory .............................................. 4-7 5.0 Privacy ............................................................................................................................ 5-1 5.1 Issue 1 – Collection of Personal Information..................................................... 5-1 5.2 Issue 2 – Retention of Personal Information...................................................... 5-5 5.3 Issue 3 – Sharing of Personal Information with Other Parties .......................................................................................................... 5-6 6.0 Public Acceptance......................................................................................................... 6-1 7.0 Concept A – New Toll Express Lanes ....................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Institutional and Legal ......................................................................................... 7-3 7.2 Technology and Deployment .............................................................................. 7-3 7.3 Potential PPP Approaches ................................................................................... 7-5 7.4 Privacy .................................................................................................................... 7-6 7.5 Technical Analysis of Project A-1 – Express Toll Lanes: I-95 – Branford to Rhode Island .......................................................................................................... 7-6 7.6 Technical Analysis of Project A-2 – Express Toll Lanes: I-84 – Waterbury to New York State Line......................................................................................... 7-17 7.7 Technical Analysis of Project A-3 – All Projects Combined, A-1 and A-2 .... 7-23 7.8 Financial Analysis of Concept A – New Toll Express Lanes .......................... 7-24 Cambridge Systematics, Inc. i Connecticut Electronic Tolls and Congestion Pricing Study – Draft Final (February 2009) Draft Final Report – Volume 2: Background Report Table of Contents (continued) 8.0 Concept B – Border Tolling at Major Highways .................................................... 8-1 8.1 Institutional and Legal ......................................................................................... 8-3 8.2 Technology and Deployment .............................................................................. 8-5 8.3 Potential PPP Approaches ................................................................................... 8-6 8.4 Privacy .................................................................................................................... 8-7 8.5 Technical Analysis of Concept B – Border Tolling at Major Highways ........ 8-7 8.6 Financial Analysis of Concept B – Border Tolling at Major Highways......... 8-25 9.0 Concept C – Toll Trucks on Limited Access Highways.............................................. 9-1 9.1 Institutional and Legal ......................................................................................... 9-2 9.2 Technology and Deployment .............................................................................. 9-3 9.3 Potential PPP Approaches ................................................................................... 9-5 9.4 Privacy .................................................................................................................... 9-6 9.5 Technical Analysis of Concept C – Toll Trucks on Limited Access Highways ............................................................................................................... 9-6 9.6 Financial Analysis of Concept C – Toll Trucks on Limited Access Highways ............................................................................................................... 9-24 10.0 Concept D – HOV to HOT Lane Conversion .............................................................. 10-1 10.1 Institutional and Legal ......................................................................................... 10-10 10.2 Technology and Deployment .............................................................................. 10-10 10.3 Potential PPP Approaches ................................................................................... 10-11 10.4 Privacy .................................................................................................................... 10-12 10.5 Technical Analysis of Project D-1 – Interstate 84 HOT Lane .......................... 10-12 10.6 Technical Analysis of Project D-2 – Interstate 91 HOT Lane .......................... 10-21 10.7 Technical Analysis of Project D-3 – Combined HOT Lanes............................ 10-27 10.8 Financial Analysis of Concept D – HOV to HOT Lane Conversion .............. 10-28 11.0 Concept E – Convert Highway Shoulders to HOT Lanes..................................... 11-1 11.1 Institutional and Legal ......................................................................................... 11-3 11.2 Technology and Deployment .............................................................................. 11-4 11.3 Potential PPP Approaches ................................................................................... 11-4 11.4 Privacy .................................................................................................................... 11-4 11.5 Technical Analysis of Concept E – Convert Shoulders to HOT Lanes.......... 11-5 12.0 Concept F – Toll Individual Highways Needing New Capacity ......................... 12-1 12.1 Institutional and Legal ......................................................................................... 12-4 12.2 Technology and Deployment .............................................................................. 12-5 12.3 Potential PPP Approaches ................................................................................... 12-7 12.4 Privacy .................................................................................................................... 12-7 12.5 Technical Analysis of Project F-1 – Toll All Lanes of I-95 – Branford to Rhode Island State Line to Fund Improvements.............................................. 12-8 ii Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Draft Final (February 2009) Connecticut Electronic Tolls and Congestion Pricing Study – Draft Final Report – Volume 2: Background Report Table of Contents (continued) 12.6 Technical Analysis of Project F-2 – Toll All Lanes of I-84 – Waterbury to New York State Line to Fund Improvements ................................................... 12-21 12.7 Technical Analysis of Project F-3 – Projects F-1 and F-2 Combined .............. 12-30 12.8 Financial Analysis of Concept F – Toll Individual Highways Needing New Capacity ........................................................................................................ 12-32 13.0 Concept G-1 –Toll All Limited Access Highways.................................................. 13-1 13.1 Institutional and Legal ......................................................................................... 13-2 13.2 Technology and Deployment .............................................................................