4th Workshop on Sound Change (Salamanca, October 18, 2019) PROGRAM 9:00‐9:30 Opening session 9:30‐10:15 Henriksen, Nicholas Exploring the production‐perception link and sound change in Andalusian Spanish: Focus on /ptk/ lenition 10:15‐11:00 Renwick, Margaret E. L. Structural, lexical, and social factors in Romance vowel changes 11:00‐11:45 Cangemi, Francesco Redundancy, Specificity and Sound change Break 12:15‐13:00 Recasens, Daniel On the historical evolution of voiced palatoalveolar fricatives and affricates in Catalan and other Romance languages 13:00‐13:45 Abete, Giovanni Internal and external factors contributing to the emergence and spread of /r/ metathesis in Neapolitan Lunch time 16:00‐17:45 Poster session García‐Amaya, Lorenzo/Henriksen, Nicholas, Speech rate and pause variation in two varieties of Peninsular Spanish Niculescu, Oana/Vasilescu, Ioana, Examining the acoustic and articulatory contrast of hiatus – diphthong pairs in contemporary standard Romanian in terms of formant trajectories Nkollo, Mikołaj, Towards the phrasal attachment of EP proclitics. An empirical inquiry into a diachronic sound change Rost Bagudanch Assumpció, Algunos apuntes sobre el rotacismo de /n/ en la evolución al español Ryan, John M., The differentiated outcomes of Classical Latin open and checked syllable structure into Spanish, Italian and Neapolitan Santos, João Paulo Moraes Lima dos, External sandhi processes in vowel sequences in Brazilian Portuguese and peninsular Spanish: change and variation 17:45‐18:30 Hansen, Anita Berit French “E caduc” in word‐initial syllables – engaged in a lexically diffused process of stabilization? Evidence from repeated real time studies of read and spoken Parisian French 18:30‐19:15 Calamai, Silvia & Nodari, Rhotic degemination in marginal Tuscan speech: temporal analysis in legacy speech data Rosalba 19:15‐20:00 Sánchez‐Miret, Fernando Elision of the definite article /‐l/ in Romanian: setting out the issues (Oral presentations of 35 minutes each with 10 minutes for discussion.) Abstracts (in alphabetical order) Abete, Giovanni Internal and external factors contributing to the emergence and spread of /r/ metathesis in Neapolitan Calamai, Silvia & Nodari, Rosalba Rhotic degemination in marginal Tuscan speech: temporal analysis in legacy speech data Cangemi, Francesco Redundancy, Specificity and Sound change García-Amaya, Lorenzo/Henriksen, Speech rate and pause variation in two varieties of Peninsular Spanish Nicholas Hansen, Anita Berit French “E caduc” in word-initial syllables – engaged in a lexically diffused process of stabilization? Evidence from repeated real time studies of read and spoken Parisian French Henriksen, Nicholas Exploring the production-perception link and sound change in Andalusian Spanish: Focus on /ptk/ lenition Niculescu, Oana/Vasilescu, Ioana Examining the acoustic and articulatory contrast of hiatus – diphthong pairs in contemporary standard Romanian in terms of formant trajectories Nkollo, Mikołaj Towards the phrasal attachment of EP proclitics. An empirical inquiry into a diachronic sound change Recasens, Daniel On the historical evolution of voiced palatoalveolar fricatives and affricates in Catalan and other Romance languages Renwick, Margaret E. L. Structural, lexical, and social factors in Romance vowel changes Rost Bagudanch Assumpció Algunos apuntes sobre el rotacismo de /n/ en la evolución al español Ryan, John M. The differentiated outcomes of Classical Latin open and checked syllable structure into Spanish, Italian and Neapolitan Sánchez-Miret, Fernando Elision of the definite article /-l/ in Romanian: setting out the issues Santos, João Paulo Moraes Lima dos External sandhi processes in vowel sequences in Brazilian Portuguese and peninsular Spanish: change and variation Internal and external factors contributing to the emergence and spread of /r/ metathesis in Neapolitan Giovanni Abete, University of Naples Federico II Abstract This paper investigates the emergence and spread of /r/ metathesis in Neapolitan by discussing both historical data and laboratory experiments. The aim is to develop an evolutionary model of metathesis which takes into account phonetic and phonological factors, as well as the influence of social structure and language use. Two main types of /r/ metathesis can be identified in Neapolitan: metathesis of post‐consonantal /r/ (e.g. crapa ‘goat’ < Lat. CĂPRA(M), and metathesis of pre‐consonantal /r/ (e.g. fròffece ‘scissors’ < Lat. FORFĬCE(M), with the second type being systematically accompanied by compensatory lengthening (Abete 2015). Such metathetic forms are widely attested in the history of Neapolitan (cf. Ledgeway 2009: 110), however the phenomenon is far from being regular and the words that look like unaffected are legion. Furthermore, metathetic forms are often in synchronic alternation with non‐metathetic variants, over which they can sometimes prevail, although in many cases they seem to have very low prestige and tend to exit from use (cf. Tuttle 1997: 273). The goal of this paper is precisely to understand why some words look like more prone to undergo metathesis and how such phenomenon can spread through the lexicon and through the community. After arguing in favor of a perceptual basis for /r/ metathesis in Neapolitan (cf. Blevins and Garret 1998; 2004), I will focus on the hypothesis that the phonotactic patterns of this language are a relevant predictor of the process, following the model developed by Hume (2004). In order to do this, I will get statistics on Neapolitan consonant clusters and their relative frequency in different prosodic positions (cf. Coleman and Pierrehumbert 1997; Frisch et al. 2000). By relying on these data, it will be possible to verify if the actuation of metathesis is probabilistically related to the phonotactics of the metathetic forms, or, in other words, if the phonotactics of Neapolitan metathetic forms is in some way more similar to the most common phonotactic patterns attested in this language. This hypothesis will be tested on a corpus of Neapolitan metathetic forms (Abete 2015), as well as by a production experiment aimed at eliciting metathesis in nonwords (cf. Lunden and Renoll 2017; Müller 2014). Results will be discussed in relation to what we know about the evolution of /r/ metathesis in Neapolitan, with special reference to its lexical and social distribution, by exploiting a variety of sources including ancient texts, dictionaries and linguistic atlases. References Abete, G. (2015). The role of the syllable in the metathesis of /r/ in Neapolitan. In Russo, D. (ed.), The notion of syllable across history, theories and analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars. 241‐263. Blevins, J. and Garret, A. (1998). The origins of consonant‐vowel metathesis. Language, 74: 508‐556. Blevins, J. and Garret, A. (2004). The evolution of metathesis. In Hayes, B., Kirchner, R. and Steriade, D. (eds.), Phonetically‐based phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 117‐156. Coleman, J. and Pierrehumbert, J.B. (1997). Stochastic phonological grammars and acceptability. In Coleman, J. (ed.), Computational phonology: Third meeting of the ACL special interest group in computational phonology. Somerset, NJ: Association for Computational Linguistics. 49‐56. Frisch, S.A., Large, N.R. and Pisoni, D.B. (2000). Perception of wordlikeness: Effects of segment probability and length on the processing of nonwords. Journal of Memory and Language, 42: 481‐496. Hume, E. (2004). The indeterminacy/attestation model of metathesis. Language, 80(2): 203‐237. Ledgeway, A. (2009). Grammatica diacronica del dialetto napoletano.Tübingen: Niemeyer. Lunden, A. and Renoll, K. (2017). Position and stress as factors in long‐distance consonant metathesis. The Linguistic Review, 34(4): 615‐634. Müller, D. (2014). Liquid metathesis. Poster presented at Sound Change in Interacting Human Systems, 3rd Biennial Workshop on Sound Change, UC Berkeley, May 28‐31 2014. Tuttle, E.F. (1997). Preferential and pseudo‐metathesis (in Italo‐Romance dialects). In Bertinetto, P.M., Gaeta, L., Jetchev, G. and Michaels, D. (eds.), Certamen phonologicum III: papers from the Third Cortona Phonology Meeting, April 1996. Turin: Rosenberg & Sellier. 267‐91. Rhotic degemination in marginal Tuscan speech: temporal analysis in legacy speech data Silvia Calamai (Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy) Elba Island speech appears to be the least vigorous among Tuscan speech varieties: according to Giannelli (2000), there are only 20,000 actual speakers, after excluding those living in Portoferraio, where a Leghornese variety is spoken. Elba Island speech presents several conservative features, showing at the same time influences from Southern and Corsican dialects. While it is well investigated on the lexical lexical point of view (Cortelazzo 1965, Nesi 1997), it appears barely investigated from a phonetic-phonological point of view. Its phonematic system is the same as that of the Leghornese system, but with a different distribution of several phonemes. According to Giannelli (2000), the Elba Island stressed vowel system is devoid of the Leghornese allophones. As for the consonantal system, on the eastern side of the island intervocalic plosives show a lenition process, while younger generation speakers pronounce Florentine variants [x] and [h] in lieu of intervocalic /k/. A relevant feature of Elba Island speech is the degemination of /rr/ (e.g. te[ra] It. terra ‘land’), which appears to be rather vital, at least in middle-aged speakers, and whose geolinguistic