Introduction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ikh Heritage Month Posters.indd 3 5/21/2014 10:03:14 PM *XUX1DQDN &ROXPEXVODQGVLQWKH$PHULFDV ŧ Gurus /HRQDUGRGD9LQFLSDLQWVWKH0RQD/LVD 0LFKDHODQJHORSDLQWVFHLOLQJRIWKH6LVWLQH&KDSHO *XUX$QJDG ŭ*XUXŮLVGHULYHGIURPguŧGDUNQHVV RI6LNKVSLULWXDODXWKRULW\7KH*XUX ŧ 0DUWLQ/XWKHUSRVWVKLV7KHVHV DQGruŧOLJKW7KXVIRU6LNKVDJXUXLVD *UDQWK6DKLEZDVGHFODUHGWREHWKH*XUX VLQJXODULQVWLWXWLRQJXLGLQJWKHVHHNHU IRUHYHUE\*XUX*RELQG6LQJKLQ IURPLJQRUDQFHWRHQOLJKWHQPHQW7KH *XUX$PDUGDV *XUXLV3HUIHFWLRQIRUD6LNK $OWKRXJKWKHUHZHUHQRORQJHU (OL]DEHWK,LVFURZQHG4XHHQRI(QJODQG ŧ KXPDQ*XUXVWKHG\QDPLFZLVGRP *DOLOHR*DOLOHL :LOOLDP6KDNHVSHDUHDUHERUQ 6LNKVEHOLHYHWKDWWKHVDPHGLYLQHOLJKW RIWKHVSLULWXDOFDQQRQZDVLQWHQGHG LOOXPLQHGHDFKRIWKHWHQ*XUXV7KH WREHDJXLGHWRWKHFRQWHPSRUDU\ *XUX5DPGDV PLVVLRQDQGYDOXHVRI*XUX1DQDNZHUH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQRISROLWLFDOMXVWLFH7KH ŧ FDUULHGIRUZDUGE\QLQHVXFFHVVLYH*XUXV *XUX*UDQWK6DKLELVWKHUHIRUHDFFRUGHG )UDQFLV'UDNHFLUFOHVWKHZRUOG RYHUWKHFRXUVHRIDOPRVW\HDUV HYHU\UHVSHFWDVDKXPDQ*XUXZKHQHYHU 6LNKVKDQGOHRUGLVFXVVWKHWH[W *XUX$UMDQ %LUWKRI5HQª'HVFDUWHV ŧ 7KH*XUXVVKDUHGWKHLUZLVGRPWKURXJK sabadsŨUHYHODWRU\PHVVDJHVZULWWHQLQ ,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRQRWHWKDWWKH GLYLQHO\LQVSLUHGSRHWLFIRUPDQGVHW *XUXVFODULILHGWKDWWKH\ZHUHQRW -DPHVWRZQLVVHWWOHGLQ1RUWK$PHULFD *XUX+DUJRELQG WRDragDV\VWHPRIPXVLFDOPHDVXUHV WREHZRUVKLSSHGDVGHLWLHV2IHTXDO .LQJ-DPHVYHUVLRQRIWKH%LEOHLVSXEOLVKHG ŧ 7KHLUVDEDGVDORQJZLWKWKRVHRIRWKHU LPSRUWDQFH*XUXVKLSZDVQRWLQKHULWHG 7KH3LOJULPVDUULYHDW3O\PRXWKRQWKH0D\IORZHU GLYLQHSHUVRQDOLWLHVRI6RXWK$VLDZHUH WKURXJKOLQHDJH,QVWHDGDFRPELQDWLRQ FRPSLOHGLQWRZKDWLVFDOOHGWKH*XUX RIPHULWDQGJUDFHHOHYDWHGRQHWRsacha 6W3HWHU V%DVLOLFDLQWKH9DWLFDQLVEXLOW *UDQWK6DKLEWKHUHSRVLWRU\ patshah,PHDQLQJŭ7KH7UXH6RYHUHLJQŮ *XUX+DULUDL +DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\LVIRXQGHG ŧ 7KRPDV+REEHVSXEOLVKHVLeviathan *XUX+DULNULVKDQ ŧ 7KH%ULWLVKHVWDEOLVK1HZ<RUN *XUX7HJKEDKDGXU 7KH*UHDW)LUHRI/RQGRQ ŧ *XUX*RELQG6LQJK ,VDDF1HZWRQSXEOLVKHV ŧ Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica 6DOHPZLWFKWULDOVKHOGLQ0DVVDFKXVHWWV *XUX*UDQWK3DQWK 2QZDUG Sikh Heritage Month Posters.indd 7 5/21/2014 10:04:18 PM The Khalsa ,QWKHVSULQJRI*XUX*RELQG6LQJK WRWKH6LNK5DKLW0DU\DGD FRGHRI LQVWLWXWLRQDOL]HGWKH.KDOVD3DQWK RUGHU FRQGXFW RIFRPPLWWHG6LNKV DQGEHVWRZHGWKH )LYHDUWLFOHVRIIDLWKXSRQ6LNKVZKRKDYH ,QWKHGHFLVLRQWRUHFHLYH$PULWDQG UHFHLYHG$PULW LQLWLDWLRQFHUHPRQ\ EHFRPHDPHPEHURIWKH.KDOVD3DQWK RQHYROXQWDULO\VXUUHQGHUVWKHVHOIWRWKH $IWHULQLWLDWLQJILYHGHYRWHG6LNKVLQWKH *XUXLQGLFDWLQJDFRQWLQXRXVHIIRUWWR SUHVHQFHRIWKHHQWLUHFRQJUHJDWLRQWKH OLYHDFFRUGLQJWRWKH*XUXŪVZLVGRP,Q *XUXWKHQDVNHGWKHPWRLQLWLDWHKLPLQ PDQ\ZD\VWKHMRXUQH\RIOLIHRQO\EHJLQV WKHVDPHPDQQHU7KHIRUPDWLRQRIWKH ZLWKWKLVDFWRIKXPEOHVXEPLVVLRQ .KDOVD 6RYHUHLJQ WKXVIRUPDOL]HG*XUX 1DQDNŪVLGHDRIVHUYDQWOHDGHU1RSHUVRQ $WWKLVWLPH*XUX*RELQG6LQJKDOVR ZRXOGKROGKLPRUKHUVHOIDERYHDQ\ FRQIHUUHGXSRQDOOIHPDOH6LNKVWKHWLWOH RWKHUSHUVRQDQGQRSDUWLFOHRI,QILQLWH ŭ.DXUŮDQGPDOH6LNKVWKHWLWOHŭ6LQJKŮ :LVGRPZRXOGEHDFFHVVLEOHWRVRPHEXW ,QSUDFWLFH.DXUDQG6LQJKDUHXVHGE\ QRWRWKHUV 6LNKVZRUOGZLGHDVWKHLUPLGGOHRUODVW QDPH/DVWQDPHVDUHDFRPPRQZD\WR 2QFHDQLQGLYLGXDOUHFHLYHV$PULWWKDW GHWHUPLQHDSHUVRQŪVFDVWHRUOLQHDJH,W Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib, Anandpur Sahib, SHUVRQLVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUOLYLQJDFFRUGLQJ ZDV*XUX*RELQG6LQJKŪVFUHDWLYHJHQLXV Panjab, where the Khalsa was inaugurated. 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