International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013 A Case Study of South Vellar Sub Basin R.Greesan, Asst.Prof/Dept of Civil Engg, Chendhurancollege of Engg and Tech, Pudukkottai. Scope assist in the growing of agricultural crops, The aim and objective this thesis is maintenance of landscapes, to study the south vellar sub basin area and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry regarding the water potential and demand areas and during periods of inadequate and to recover a right solution for the rainfall. Additionally, irrigation also has a problems by executing some of the few other uses in crop production, which imperative techniques. include protecting plants against frost, suppressing weed growing in grain Abstract fields and helping in preventing soil Earth is the only plant, so far known consolidation. to have water and this makes it fit for human Status of Irrigation in Tamilnadu living. This paper was focussed on south Tamilnadu with a geographical vellar sub basin area to reduce the scarcity area of 13million heactares is ranked of water and to improve the water potential. eleventh in size among the Indian States. The scarcity on the sub basin is 77.74Mcm. The net area sown in Tamilnadu is about Some of the valuable techniques are 6million hectares ofwhich about 3million suggested to improve the potential of waterIJERT IJERTheactares or 50% get irrigation facilities to meet the demand in present and future. from sources as given below: PIM and Water Budgeting are very important techniques in this current situation 1. Governmentcanals: 0.95 million to overcome the demand and for an effective hectares utilisation of water resources.Micro and Sprinkler irrigation is also mentioned for 2. Tanks: 0.90 million hectares preventing the wastage of water and spoiling 3. Wells, Tube wells etc.:1.15million the water resources. Whatever the technique hectares we can implement, the complete success is purely depends on the awareness of public on optimum usage of water. So the training programme to the public and farmers was 0.95 Govt. Canals sturdily recommended to achieve the success 1.15 on any water related project or methods. Tanks Wells Irrigation System 0.9 Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to IJERTV2IS100745 www.ijert.org 2244 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013 Development of Irrigation in Tamilnadu: Based on the Geographical conditions, there are 16 River Basins in The ultimate irrigation potential Tamil Nadu. The 16 River Basins are further of Tamilnadu through major and medium divided into 42 Sub Basins. irrigation sources was assessed as 1.5million hectares by the National Commission on Our case study was focussed on south Agriculture in 1976. vellar which was come under Agniyar River Basin. Under the water Resources Organization the water management in the Agniyar River Basin is one state has been decentralized along Basin among the River Basins covering Trichy, lines and for effective control, the entire Pudukkottai and Thanjavur Districts and state has been divided into 4 regions as has 3 Sub Basins namely. Chennai 1. Agniyar Sub Basin Tiruchi 2. Ambuliar Sub Basin Pollachi 3. South Vellar Sub Basin Madurai Chennai South Vellar Sub-Basin Araniyar, Kosasthalaiyar, The south vellar sub basin in Cooum, Adyar, Palar, Ongur, Varahanadhi, bounded on north byagniar and ambuliyar Malattaru, Penniyar, Gadilam, Vellar. sub basin, east by Bay of Bengal, west by IJERTIJERTvelamalai hills and Cauvery basin and south Tiruchi by pambarbasin. The sub basin is located at the latitude from 100 0’ 40” n to 100 29’ 50” Cauvery, Agniyar, Ambuliyar, n and the longitude from 780 13’ 50” E to Vellar, Koluvanar, Pambar. 790 15’ 50”E Pollachi The basin area of the south vellar sub basin Amaravathi, Bhavani, is 2010 sq.km. Southvellar river originates Noyyal,KorangamPallam,Palar,Periyapallam as a stream in kumarikatti reserve forest area and West flowing rivers. of velamali hills near manjinampatti village Madurai 20kms North West of thuvarankurichi in manapparaitaluk of trichy district. It begins Manimuthar,Kottkkariyar,Vaigai,Uthrakosa as a river from the surplus of vembanoor big mangayar,Gundar,Vemabaru,Vaippar,Kallar tank in illappur talk of pudukkottai district. Korampallamaru,Tambaraparani, The river runs for distances of 137 Karumeniyar,Nambiar,Hanumanadhi, kms from its orgin and confluences with bay Palayaru,Valliyar,Kodayar. of bangal near mumbalai village in manamelkuditaluk of pudukkottai district. IJERTV2IS100745 www.ijert.org 2245 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013 The Main Tributaries of South Vellar River Exactly for South Vellar River: are Nerungikudiyar Sl.No Name No. of No. No. of Ayacut Gundar of the Anicuts of Tanks (Ha) River Open benefit Nerungikudiyaroriginates from the off ed surplus of maravamadurai tank in takes thirumayamtaluk of pudukkottai district. It 01 South 18 4 164 11766 travels to a distances of 30 km and joins Vellar .45 with vellar river near kummakudi village. River Gundaroriginates from the surplus of Water Balance kavinadu big tank near pudukkottai town. It Surface Water travels to distances of 7.50km and joins with South Vellar Sub Basin is having 46 vellar river near kadayakkudi village in Anicuts and 316 Nos of P.W.D. Tanks and pudukkottai district. 2086 Nos of Panchayat Union tanks. There There is another river called is no Reservoir in the Sub Basin. The narasingaCauvery, originating from the approximate Storage Capacity of the Tanks surplus of narpavalakudi tank and runs on is 267.13 Mcm. the northern side south vellar river. It travels Surface Water Potential to a distances of 36km and confluences with The Basin Area of the Sub Basin is Bay of Bengal near kattumavadi village in 2010 Sq Km. The 75% Annual Rain fall of pudukkottai district. the Sub Basin is 634.56 mm. ( SW In the south vellar sub basin, thereIJERT IJERT279.85mm and NE 257.90mm ) Total are 46nos of OPEN off- takes from the river Surface Water Potential for 75% probability and 316nos of minor irrigation tank, having for South Vellar. an ayacut of 21079.18, being maintained by River Sub Basin is given below: the water resource organization of PWD. South West Monsoon Surface Water In addition to the above, there are Potential-84.37 Mcm 2086 nos of tanks with total ayacut of North East Monsoon Surface Water 15341.39Ha, being maintained by the Potential -77.76 Mcm panchayat union. Hence the total ayacut Annual Surface Water Potential - under the sub basin is 36420.57Ha 191.45 Mcm Surface Water SW Monsoon Surface Potential, 84.37 Water NE Monsoon Potential, 191.45 Surface Annual Water Potential Potential, 77.76 IJERTV2IS100745 www.ijert.org 2246 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013 Ground Water Potential From the above data we can easily conclude The Annual Ground Water Potential that the problems are arisen because of of this Sub Basin is 404.99 Mcm. lacking of knowledge in rain water harvesting and less number of water storage Total Water Potential units. We are in a condition to implement Water some noteworthy techniques for an effective Sl.No Description Demand in utilisation of rain water and to sustain the Mcm ground water level. Such kinds of techniques Surface Water are described below: 1 191.45 Potential Suggested Techniques Ground Water 2 404.99 The techniques are RWH, PIM, Water Potential Budgeting, Modern Irrigation System. Total Potential 596.44 1. Rainwater Harvesting Water Demand Rainwater harvesting provides an independent water supply during regional Sl.No Description Water water restrictions and in developed countries Demand in is often used to supplement the mains Mcm supply. Rainwater harvesting systems are 1 Irrigation 640.27 appealing as they are easy to understand, Water Demand install and operate. They are effective in 2 Drinking 13.85 'green droughts' as water is captured from 3 Live Stock 6.52 IJERTIJERTrainfall where runoff is insufficient to flow 4 Industries 13.54 into dam storages. The quality of captured Small, Medium rainwater is usually sufficient for most & Major household needs, reducing the need for Total Demand 674.18 detergents because rainwater is soft. Financial benefits to the users include that Water Balance rain is 'renewable' at acceptable volumes Total Water Potential - 596.44 Mcm despite climate change forecasts, and Total Water Demand - 674.18 Mcm rainwater harvesting systems generally have Deficit – 77.74Mcm low running costs, providing water at the point of consumption. 674.18 700 596.44 600 1.1Artificial Recharge to Ground Water: 500 400 Artificial recharge to ground water is 300 200 77.74 a process by which the ground water 100 reservoir is augmented at a rate exceeding 0 that obtaining under natural conditions or Total Total Deficit Water Water Potential Demand IJERTV2IS100745 www.ijert.org 2247 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013 replenishment. At man-made scheme or 2.Participatory Irrigation Management facility that adds water to an aquifer may be 2.1What is PIM? considered to be an artificial recharge The term participatory irrigation system. management refers to the participation of 1.2Rainwater Harvesting Techniques users, the farmers in the management of the irrigation system. PIM usually refers to the The two main techniques of rainwater level, mode or intensity of user participation harvesting are: that would increase farmer responsibility and authority in the management process. Storage of Rainwater on surface for A more comprehensive variant future use. of PIM is Irrigation Management Transfer Recharge of Ground water (IMT). IMT is the full or partial transfer of The storage of rain water on surface is a responsibility and authority for the traditional techniques and structures used governance, management and financing of were underground tanks, ponds, check dams, irrigation systems from the government to weirs etc.