Index Diachronica v.10.2 July 22, 2016 Contents 1 Preface 1 2 Licensing and Legal Information 1 3 Contact Information 2 4 Changelog 3 5 Key to Abbreviations 6 6 Afro-Asiatic 7 6.1 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Omotic ....................... 7 6.1.1 Proto-Omotic to North Omotic ..................... 8 6.1.1.1 North Omotic to Bench .................... 8 6.1.1.2 North Omotic to Dizin ..................... 9 6.1.1.3 North Omotic to Kafa ..................... 9 6.1.1.4 North Omotic to Maale .................... 10 6.1.1.5 North Omotic to Shekkacho . 10 6.1.1.6 North Omotic to Wolaytta . 11 6.1.1.7 North Omotic to Yemsa .................... 11 6.1.1.8 North Omotic to Zayse-Zergulla . 12 6.1.2 South Omotic ............................... 12 6.1.2.1 South Omotic to Aari ..................... 12 6.1.2.2 South Omotic to Dime ..................... 13 6.2 Proto-Afro-Asiatic to Proto-Erythrean ..................... 13 6.2.1 Proto-Erythrean to Proto-Cushitic ................... 13 6.2.1.1 Agaw .............................. 13 6.2.1.1.1 Proto-Agaw to Awngi . 13 i 6.2.1.1.2 Proto-Agaw to Blin . 14 6.2.1.1.3 Proto-Agaw to Kemantney . 14 6.2.1.1.4 Proto-Agaw to Xamtanga . 15 6.2.2 Proto-Erythrean to Proto-North Erythrean . 15 6.2.2.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Chadic . 15 6.2.2.1.1 Proto-North Erythrean to Proto-Boreafrasian . 15 6.2.2.1.2 Proto-Boreafrasian to Egypto-Berber . 16 6.2.2.1.3 Ancient Egyptian to Coptic . 17 6.2.2.1.4 Proto-Boreafrasian to Proto-Semitic . 17 6.2.2.1.5 Proto-Semitic to Classical Arabic . 17 6.2.2.1.6 Classical Arabic to Cypriot Arabic . 18 6.2.2.1.7 Classical Arabic to Egyptian Arabic . 19 6.2.2.1.8 Classical Arabic to Coastal Hadhrami Arabic . 20 6.2.2.1.9 Classical Arabic to Wādī Hadhrami Arabic . 20 6.2.2.1.10 Classical Arabic to Hassāniyya Arabic . 20 6.2.2.1.11 Classical Arabic to Iraqi Arabic . 21 6.2.2.1.12 Classical Arabic to Eastern Libyan Arabic . 21 6.2.2.1.13 Classical Arabic to Western Libyan Arabic . 21 6.2.2.1.14 Classical Arabic to Moroccan Arabic . 21 6.2.2.1.15 Classical Arabic to Sa‘idi Arabic . 22 6.2.2.1.16 Classical Arabic to Sudanese Arabic . 22 6.2.2.1.17 Classical Arabic to Tunisian Arabic . 22 6.2.2.1.18 Proto-Semitic to Biblical Hebrew . 23 6.2.2.1.19 Biblical Hebrew to Modern Israeli Hebrew . 24 7 Algonquian 25 7.1 Proto-Algonquian to Kennebec River Abenaki . 25 7.2 Proto-Algonquian to St. Francis Abenaki .................... 26 7.3 Proto-Algonquian to Proto-Arapaho-Atsina . 27 7.3.1 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Arapaho .................... 27 7.3.2 Proto-Arapaho-Atsina to Gros Ventre . 28 7.4 Proto-Algonquian to Blackfoot ......................... 28 7.5 Proto-Algonquian to Cheyenne ......................... 30 7.6 Proto-Algonquian to Northern East Cree .................... 30 7.7 Proto-Algonquian to Southern East Cree .................... 31 7.8 Proto-Algonquian to Plains Cree ........................ 32 7.9 Proto-Algonquian to Swampy Cree ....................... 32 7.10 Proto-Algonquian to Woods Cree ........................ 33 7.11 Proto-Algonquian to Munsee Delaware ..................... 33 7.12 Proto-Algonquian to Menominee ........................ 34 7.13 Proto-Algonquian to Miami-Illinois ....................... 36 ii 7.14 Proto-Algonquian to Mi’kmaq .......................... 36 7.15 Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe ........................... 37 7.16 Proto-Algonquian to Piscataway ........................ 37 7.17 Proto-Algonquian to Shawnee .......................... 38 8 Altaic 40 8.1 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Japonic .......................... 40 8.1.1 Early Middle Japanese to Modern Japanese . 41 8.2 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Korean .......................... 42 8.3 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Mongolic ......................... 42 8.4 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Tungusic ......................... 44 8.5 Proto-Altaic to Proto-Turkic ........................... 45 8.5.1 Proto-Turkic to Proto-Kypchak ..................... 46 8.5.1.1 Proto-Kypchak to Kazakh ................... 46 8.5.1.2 Proto-Kypchak to Kyrgyz ................... 47 8.5.2 Proto-Turkic to Sakha .......................... 47 9 Austroasiatic 48 9.1 Vietic ....................................... 48 9.1.1 Proto-Vietic to Muong Khen ....................... 49 9.1.2 Proto-Vietic to Middle Vietnamese ................... 49 9.1.2.1 Middle Vietnamese to Hanoi Vietnamese . 50 9.1.2.2 Middle Vietnamese to Saigon Vietnamese . 51 10 Austronesian 53 10.1 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian . 53 10.1.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan . 53 10.1.1.1 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Balinese . 54 10.1.1.2 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Sasak . 54 10.1.1.3 Proto-Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan to Sumbawan . 54 10.1.1.4 Polynesian ........................... 55 10.1.1.5 Proto-Polynesian to Luangiua . 55 10.1.2 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Philippine . 55 10.1.2.1 Proto-Philippine to Bicol ................... 55 10.1.2.2 Proto-Philippine to Cebuano . 56 10.1.2.3 Proto-Philippine to Hiligaynon . 56 10.1.2.4 Proto-Philippine to Ibanag . 56 10.1.2.5 Proto-Philippine to Ifugao . 57 10.1.2.6 Proto-Philippine to Ilocano . 57 10.1.2.7 Proto-Philippine to Proto-Kalamian . 58 10.1.2.7.1 Proto-Kalamian to Agutaynen . 58 iii 10.1.2.7.2 Proto-Kalamian to Karamiananen . 58 10.1.2.7.3 Proto-Kalamian to Kalamian Tagbanwa . 59 10.1.2.8 Proto-Philippine to Kankanay . 59 10.1.2.9 Proto-Philippine to Tagalog . 60 10.1.2.10Proto-Philippine to Waray . 60 10.2 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Batak ....................... 60 10.2.1 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Chamic . 61 10.2.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Chamorro . 61 10.2.3 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayic . 62 10.2.3.1 Proto-Malayic to (Standard) Malay . 62 10.2.4 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Malayo-Javanic . 63 10.2.4.1 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Javanese . 63 10.2.4.2 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Madurese . 63 10.2.4.3 Proto-Malayo-Javanic to Sundanese . 64 10.2.5 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Palauan . 64 10.2.6 Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-North Sarawak . 65 10.2.6.1 Proto-North Sarawak to Kiput . 66 10.2.6.2 Proto-North Sarawak to Proto-Kenyah . 67 10.2.6.2.1 Proto-Kenyah to Òma Lóngh . 67 10.2.6.3 Proto-Malayic to Minangkabau . 68 10.3 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Oceanic ...................... 69 10.3.1 Proto-Oceanic to Hawai’ian ....................... 69 10.3.2 Proto-Oceanic to Hiw .......................... 69 10.3.3 Proto-Oceanic to Lemerig ........................ 70 10.3.4 Proto-Oceanic to Mwotlap ........................ 71 10.3.5 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-New Caledonia . 72 10.3.5.1 Proto-New Caledonia to Caaàc . 72 10.3.5.2 Proto-New Caledonia to Jawé . 72 10.3.5.3 Proto-New Caledonia to Nemi-Pije-Fwai . 73 10.3.5.4 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Northern . 73 10.3.5.4.1 Proto-Northern to Nixumwak-Nêlêmwa . 74 10.3.5.5 Proto-New Caledonia to Nyelâyu . 74 10.3.5.6 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwaamei . 75 10.3.5.7 Proto-New Caledonia to Pwapwâ . 75 10.3.5.8 Proto-New Caledonia to Proto-Yunaga . 76 10.3.5.8.1 Proto-Yunaga to Yunaga 1 . 76 10.3.5.8.2 Proto-Yunaga to Yunaga 2 . 76 10.3.6 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz . 77 10.3.6.1 Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz to Äiwoo . 77 10.3.6.2 Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz to Nagu . 77 10.3.6.3 Proto-Reefs/Santa Cruz to Natügu . 77 iv 10.3.7 Proto-Oceanic to Shark Bay ....................... 78 10.3.8 Proto-Oceanic to Tolomako ....................... 78 10.3.9 Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Utupua ..................... 79 10.3.9.1 Proto-Utupua to Asuboa .................... 79 10.3.9.2 Proto-Utupua to Nebao .................... 79 10.3.9.3 Proto-Utupua to Tanibili ................... 80 10.3.10Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Vanikoro .................... 80 10.3.10.1Proto-Vanikoro to Buma ................... 81 10.3.10.2Proto-Vanikoro to Tanema . 81 10.3.10.3Proto-Vanikoro to Vano .................... 81 10.3.11Proto-Oceanic to Proto-Southern Vanuatu . 81 10.3.11.1Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Anejom . 82 10.3.11.2Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Erromango . 83 10.3.11.2.1Proto-Erromango to Sye . 83 10.3.11.2.2Proto-Erromango to Ura . 84 10.3.11.3Proto-Southern Vanuatu to Proto-Tanna . 84 10.3.11.3.1Proto-Tanna to Kwamera . 84 10.3.11.3.2Proto-Tanna to Lenakel . 85 10.3.11.3.3Proto-Tanna to North Tanna . 85 10.3.11.3.4Proto-Tanna to Southwest Tanna . 86 10.3.11.3.5Proto-Tanna to Whitesands . 86 10.3.12Proto-Oceanic to Vera’a ......................... 86 10.4 Micronesian .................................... 87 10.4.1 Proto-Micronesian to Marshallese .................... 87 10.5 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Ongan ....................... 88 10.5.1 Proto-Ongan to Jarawa ......................... 89 10.5.2 Proto-Ongan to Onge .......................... 89 10.6 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Paiwan ...................... 89 10.6.1 Proto-Paiwan to Northern Paiwan ................... 90 10.6.2 Proto-Paiwan to Central Paiwan .................... 90 10.6.3 Proto-Paiwan to Southern Paiwan ................... 90 10.7 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Rukai ....................... 90 10.7.1 Proto-Rukai to Budai Rukai ....................... 91 10.8 Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Tsouic ....................... 91 11 Northeast Caucasian 92 11.1 Proto-Northeast Caucasian to Proto-Avar-Andic .