Support to DG Environment for the development of the Mediterranean De-pollution Initiative “Horizon 2020” Review of Ongoing and Completed Activities Prepared for DG Environment European Commission December 2006 Contract No 070201/2006/436133/MAR/E3 LDK-ECO S.A. Environmental Consultants Off 21 Thivaidos str. Athens GR 145 64 Greece Tel: +30 210 6255300 Fax: +30 210 6254871 Web: www.ldkeco.gr E-mail: [email protected] This document has been prepared for use within the Commission. It does not necessarily represent the Commission’s official position. Project title: Support to DG Environment for development of the Mediterranean De-pollution Initiative “Horizon 2020” Contract no: 070201/2006/436133/MAR/ E3 Country: Mediterranean region EC Service Consultant Name: DG ENV / DIR. E / ENV.3 LDK ECO Consultants Address: B-1049 Brussels Off 21 Thivaidos str. Belgium Athens GR 145 64 Greece Tel. no: +(32) 2 295 47 92 +(30) 210 62 55 300 Fax no: +(32) 2 299 41 23 +(30) 210 62 54 871 Contact person: Mr. Andrew Murphy Mr. Demetres Economides E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Date of Report: December 2006 Support to DG Environment for development of the Mediterranean De-pollution Initiative “HORIZON 2020” No 070201/2006/436133/MAR/E3 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________ 1 1.1 Objectives and description of the tasks of the study __________________________ 1 1.2 Scope and Methodology ___________________________________________________ 2 1.3 Structure of the report_____________________________________________________ 2 2. CONTEXT FRAMEWORK ____________________________________________________ 3 2.1 Introduction _____________________________________________________________ 3 2.2 European Union Framework _______________________________________________ 4 2.2.1 Euro-Mediterranean Partnership/Barcelona Process___________________________________________4 2.2.2 European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) ____________________________________________________12 2.2.3 LIFE 3rd countries________________________________________________________________________16 2.2.4 Other EU Policy tools ____________________________________________________________________17 2.2.5 Initiative Horizon 2020 ___________________________________________________________________21 2.3 UNEP/MAP and Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development (MSSD) _ 22 2.4 The Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Programme (METAP)__________ 25 2.5 Multilateral and bilateral support _________________________________________ 26 2.6 Overview of involved actors & actions in the region _________________________ 36 3. DATA COLLECTION ________________________________________________________ 38 3.1 Data collection approach _________________________________________________ 38 3.2 Contacting main stakeholders_____________________________________________ 38 3.3 Other sources of information______________________________________________ 40 4. MEDITERRANEAN REGION REVIEW _________________________________________ 43 4.1 General background _____________________________________________________ 43 4.2 Key environmental issues related to urban and industrial pollution ___________ 44 4.2.1 Urban wastewater and sanitation __________________________________________________________44 4.2.2 Municipal solid waste ____________________________________________________________________47 4.2.3 Industrial pollution ______________________________________________________________________48 4.3 Institutional and legal overview___________________________________________ 48 4.3.1 Institutional aspects______________________________________________________________________48 4.3.2 Legislative aspects _______________________________________________________________________49 4.4 Opportunities / Challenges _______________________________________________ 50 4.4.1 Urban wastewater _______________________________________________________________________50 4.4.2 Municipal solid waste ____________________________________________________________________51 4.4.3 Industrial emissions______________________________________________________________________51 LDK ECO SA i Support to DG Environment for development of the Mediterranean De-pollution Initiative “HORIZON 2020” No 070201/2006/436133/MAR/E3 5. COUNTRY REVIEW ________________________________________________________ 53 5.1 Algeria _________________________________________________________________ 53 5.1.1 Major sources of pollution from urban wastewater, municipal solid waste and industrial emissions 54 5.1.2 Institutional framework __________________________________________________________________55 5.1.3 Legal environment_______________________________________________________________________56 5.1.4 Policy environment and action programmes_________________________________________________57 5.1.5 Overview of completed and on-going projects _______________________________________________63 5.1.6 Outcome of review_______________________________________________________________________66 5.2 Egypt___________________________________________________________________ 67 5.2.1 Major sources of pollution from urban wastewater, municipal solid waste and industrial emissions 68 5.2.2 Institutional setting ______________________________________________________________________70 5.2.3 Legal framework ________________________________________________________________________71 5.2.4 Policy environment and action programmes_________________________________________________72 5.2.5 Overview of completed and on-going projects _______________________________________________77 5.2.6 Outcome of review_______________________________________________________________________82 5.3 Israel ___________________________________________________________________ 84 5.3.1 Major sources of pollution from urban wastewater, municipal solid waste and industrial emissions 85 5.3.2 Institutional setting ______________________________________________________________________86 5.3.3 Legal framework ________________________________________________________________________87 5.3.4 Policy environment and action programmes_________________________________________________92 5.3.5 Overview of completed and on-going projects _______________________________________________94 5.3.6 Outcome of review_______________________________________________________________________96 5.4 Jordan __________________________________________________________________ 97 5.4.1 Major sources of pollution from urban wastewater, municipal solid waste and industrial emissions 98 5.4.2 Institutional setting ______________________________________________________________________99 5.4.3 Legal framework _______________________________________________________________________102 5.4.4 Policy environment and action programmes________________________________________________103 5.4.5 Overview of completed and on-going projects ______________________________________________108 5.4.6 Outcome of review______________________________________________________________________112 5.5 Lebanon _______________________________________________________________ 114 5.5.1 Major sources of pollution from urban wastewater, municipal solid waste and industrial emissions115 5.5.2 Institutional setting _____________________________________________________________________118 5.5.3 Legal framework _______________________________________________________________________121 5.5.4 Policy environment and action programmes________________________________________________122 5.5.5 Overview of completed and on-going projects ______________________________________________127 5.5.6 Outcome of review______________________________________________________________________130 5.6 Libya__________________________________________________________________ 132 5.6.1 Major sources of pollution from urban wastewater, municipal solid waste and industrial emissions133 5.6.2 Institutional setting _____________________________________________________________________134 5.6.3 Legal framework _______________________________________________________________________135 5.6.4 Policy Environment and action programmes _______________________________________________136 5.6.5 Overview of completed and on-going projects ______________________________________________139 5.6.6 Outcome of review______________________________________________________________________140 5.7 Morocco _______________________________________________________________ 142 5.7.1 Major sources of pollution from urban wastewater, municipal solid waste and industrial emissions143 5.7.2 Institutional setting _____________________________________________________________________145 5.7.3 Legal framework _______________________________________________________________________147 5.7.4 Policy Environment and action programmes _______________________________________________148 5.7.5 Overview of completed and on-going projects ______________________________________________151 5.7.6 Outcome of review______________________________________________________________________155 5.8 Palestinian Territories___________________________________________________ 156 5.8.1 Major sources of pollution from urban wastewater, municipal solid waste and industrial emissions157 5.8.2 Institutional setting _____________________________________________________________________160 5.8.3 Legal framework _______________________________________________________________________162 LDK ECO SA ii Support to DG Environment for development of the