1 Authors: Alejandro Pozo (Dir.), Camino Simarro and Oriol Sabaté Research assistance: Carles Revenga Project coordination: Felip Daza, [email protected] , @fdazza Photography: Germán Caballero (cover photo-Spanish National Police) www.germancaballero.com Hamza Burnat (photo page 23) Active Stills (photo page 40) www.activestills.org Jordi Borràs (photo page 98) www.jborras.cat Pau Fabregat (cover photo – Confiscation Wall-checkpoint in Qalandia-Palestine) Cover, design and edition: Pau Fabregat, designer and journalist @Pau_Fabregat Translation: Catalan version: Lea Feliu Pujol English version: Raffaella Bagnara The authors and coordinator would like to show their gratitude to all those people who have collaborated in this publication. This research is framed in a research raising awareness and education program coordinated by: With the collaboration at the research level of: And the financial support of the Catalan Agency of Co-operation for Development and the Barcelona Council for those expenses related to design, edition, layout, photography, translation and printing of this publication. This work can be copied, distributed, publically disseminated, translated and modified, detailing their non-commercial purposes and its authorship through the following text: POZO, A. (Dir.), SIMARRO, C., SABATE, O., Defense, Security and Occupation as a Business. Military, armaments and security trade relations between Spain and Israel, (2014). DEFENSE, SECURITY AND OCCUPATION AS A BUSINESS Military, armaments and security trade relations between Spain and Israel Alejandro Pozo (Dir.) Camino Simarro Oriol Sabaté 4 DEFENSE, SECURITY AND OCCUPATION AS A BUSINESS MILITARY, ARMAMENTS AND SECURITY TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN SPAIN AND ISRAEL // ABOUT THE AUTHORS Alejandro Pozo (Dir.) Researcher and PhD on peace and armed conflicts. Member of the Delàs Cen- ter for Peace Studies (Barcelona) and the Interuniversity Institute for Social Development and Peace (IUDESP, University Jaume I, Castelló). He participates or has actively collaborated in other organiza- tions, platforms and research centers related to geopolitics, international relations, militarism and war. He has worked as coordinator of humanitarian projects in war contexts and conducted fieldwork in different areas affected by armed conflict. Author of several studies and publications on milita- rism, humanitarianism and armed conflicts, he teaches various degrees and postgraduate courses. [email protected] Camino Simarro. Social educator and anthropologist. She completed the Graduate Diploma in Cul- ture of Peace in the Escuela de Cultura de Paz of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, and a Master in Globalization, Development and Cooperation Món3 at the University of Barcelona. She is a researcher at the Delàs Studies Center for Peace, and investigates on issues related to the trade and industry of arms, and on military spending. She is a member of the Group for Peace Education and collaborates with the International University for Peace. [email protected] Oriol Sabaté. Bachelor in Economics, he is completing his PhD on military funding and the develo- pment of contemporary tax systems in the Department of History and Economic Institutions at the University of Barcelona. He completed the Master in Globalization, Development and Cooperation Món3 at the University of Barcelona and a Masters in Economic History, also at the University of Bar- celona. He is a member of the training group of the TAIFA Critical Economy Seminary. [email protected] 5 6 DEFENSA, SEGURIDAD Y ocupaciÓN COMO NEGOCIO RELacioNES COMERCIALES MILitares, ARMAMENTÍsticas Y DE SEGUridad ENTRE espaÑA E ISRAEL TABLE OF CONTENTS // List of Acronyms...................................................................................................................................................9 // Executive summary......................................................................................................................................11-12 // Introduction............................................................................................................................................ .....14-15 01/ General framework of security and defense relations between Spain and Israel...............................17-35 1.1/ Israel as an exporter of defense and security..................................................................................................17-19 1.2/ Israeli dependence on North America and Europe..........................................................................................19-21 1.3/ Military and security relations with Spain and political complicity.................................................................21-24 1.4/ Military and security cooperation agreements between Spain and Israel............................................... 24-30 1.5/ Promoters of defense and security relations between Spain and Israel (and its lobbies)................…30-35 02/ Spanish exports to Israel.........................................................................................................................36-52 2.1/ Overview of Spanish exports to Israel.................................................................................................................36-39 2.2/ Is it right to export arms to Israel?......................................................................................................................41-43 2.3/ Summary of the application of the Spanish legislation criteria in the case of Israel..................................44 2.4/ Large Spanish defense companies with close connections to Israel........................................................45-51 2.5/ Other Spanish companies exporting to Israel..................................................................................................51-52 03/ Israeli defense imports to Spain..............................................................................................................53-57 3.1/ Overview of Israeli imports in Spain....................................................................................................................53-55 3.2/ Why is it controversial to buy arms and use “Made in Israel” services?..................................................55-57 04/ “Made in Israel” defense contracts: Spain as a business......................................................................58-75 4.1/ Overview of defense contracts..............................................................................................................................58-59 4.2/ Some examples of contracts................................................................................................................................59-60 4.3/ Rafael Spike missile for the Land Army.............................................................................................................61-62 4.4/ Turrets for Land Army tanks..........................................................................................................................................64 4.5/ Cardom mortar systems for the Land Army (by Elbit Systems).................................................................64-65 4.6/ Sales and co-production of UAVs between Spain and Israel........................................................................65-69 4.7/ Spain as a gateway of Latin America and Europe...........................................................................................69-70 4.8/ Defense subsidiaries in Spain: the Israeli “combat tested” experience...................................................70-75 4.8.1/ Pap tecnos (Rafael).........................................................................................................................................................70-71 4.8.2/ Aeronautics Enterprise España S.A. (Aeronautics Defense Systems)..............................................................72-74 4.8.3/ Other non-affiliated companies...................................................................................................................................74-75 05/ Israeli security products in Spain...........................................................................................................76-85 5.1/ Guardian Homeland Security: 100% made in Israel........................................................................................76-81 5.2/ Made in Israel brands and products....................................................................................................................82-83 5.3/ Other distributor companies in Spain.................................................................................................................83-84 5.4/ Other security equipment distributed in (or by) Spain....................................................................................84-85 06/ Private security services..........................................................................................................................86-98 6.1/ Made in Israel services in the Spanish privatization Eden...................................................................................86 6.2/ International Consultants on Targeted Security (ICTS).................................................................................86-91 6.3/ International Security and Defense Systems (ISDS) and Catalonia..........................................................91-94 6.4/ Blue Sky International (BSI): private Israeli