APRIL 199 9 Inside 3 BALKANS Carl Bildt 4 RUSSIA Vol. V, No. 3 Prospects for Democracy UN I T E D STAT E S IN S T I T U T E O F PE AC E ■ WA S H I N G TO N, DC 6 ECUADOR/PERU Creative Peace 8 PROFILE Igor Zevelev on Clinton Promotes Russia’s “Near Abroad” Engagement with China 10 Separate Educa- tion/Training Programs “When human rights are violated and we have the means to make a difference, we should try . ,” President Clinton said during a speech hosted by the U.S. Institute of Peace. lobalization has many positive effects, A course of but it is not an unmixed blessing. It engagement can help to expose repression, human with China is rights violations, and suffering, but it the best means cannot prevent them, President Bill of furthering Clinton said in a recent foreign policy democracy speech focused on China, hosted by there, President the U.S. Institute of Peace. Nor can the United Clinton said in a GStates prevent such abuses in every instance. “But broad-ranging when human rights are violated and we have the foreign policy means to make a difference, we should try, as we are speech on doing in Kosovo,” Clinton said. And he stressed China, hosted that, although human rights problems still exist in by the Institute. China, the United States will continue to follow a course of engagement with that country as the best means of furthering democracy there. “We will not change our policy in a way that iso- lates China from global forces that have begun to empower the Chinese people to change their society and build a better future,” Clinton said. Clinton selected the Institute of Peace as the forum for a major foreign policy speech on April 7, the eve of his meeting with Chinese premier Zhu Rongji, who was in the United States on a nine-day visit. In his introductory remarks, Institute president Richard H. Solomon discussed the Institute’s work See Clinton, page 2 2 hatreds that may lead to the misuses of those tools. Cl i n t o n “Only national governments working together can reap the full promise and reduce the problems of the 21st century. The United States, as the largest and strongest country in the world at this moment— largest in economic terms and military terms—has the unavoidable responsibility to lead in this increas- ingly interdependent world.” China’s leaders have been unwilling to open up the country's political system, Clinton said, because they believe that would contribute to instability. “In fact,” he added, “giving a people a say in their deci- sions actually provides a peaceful outlet for frustra- tion. China's biggest challenge in the coming years will be to maintain stability and growth at home by meeting, not stifling, the growing demands of its Top: Left to to help prevent, manage, and resolve conflicts around people for openness and accountability.” right, Richard the world. “There’s a great need today for U.S. That said, Clinton stressed that the United States Solomon, Max engagement and leadership in world affairs,” said needs to keep in mind the risk of a weak China— Kampelman, Solomon, an expert on China and Southeast Asian “beset by internal conflict, social dislocation, and President security issues. “We look to our president for under- criminal activity—becoming the center of a zone of Clinton, Harriet standing and guidance on the tough issues that con- instability in Asia. Despite Beijing's best efforts to Hentges, Tara front us.” rein in these problems, we have seen the first danger Sonenshine, and Clinton thanked the Institute “for what you do sign: freewheeling Chinese enterprises selling Sandy Berger. every day to help our administration and the weapons abroad, the rise in China of organized Congress and the American people think through crime, stirrings of ethnic tensions and rural unrest, Right: Left to the most challenging foreign policy issues of our right, President time.” He also cited the Institute’s many educational Clinton, Richard programs, which promote understanding of interna- Solomon, and tional conflict resolution among high school students Max Kampelman and teachers and college faculty. “I thank you in par- discuss the ticular for your determination to reach out to a Institute’s younger generation of Americans, to talk to them Capital Cam- about the importance of these [international] issues paign to build and the world they will live in,” Clinton said. a permanent Solomon and board vice chairman Max M. home on the Kampelman met with Clinton before his speech to National Mall. discuss the Institute’s project to build a permanent home at the northwest corner of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Clinton expressed enthusiasm for the building project. Clinton’s Speech the use of Chinese territory for heroin trafficking, and even piracy of ships at sea. In short, we're seeing In his speech, Clinton said that the benefits of global in China the kinds of problems a society can face opportunity depend on the very things globalization when it is moving away from the rule of fear but is alone cannot guarantee: peace, democracy, the stabil- not yet firmly rooted in the rule of law. ity of markets, social justice, and the protection of “The solutions fundamentally lie in the choices health and the environment. China makes,” Clinton said. “We have an interest in And while globalization can promote integration seeking to make a difference and in not pretending among nations, it also can lead to disintegration that the outcome is foreordained. We can't do that within them. “It can bring prosperity on every conti- simply by confronting China or trying to contain it. nent, but still leave many, many people behind. It We can only deal with the challenge if we continue a can give people the modern tools of the 21st century, policy of principled, purposeful engagement with but it cannot purge their hearts of the primitive See Clinton, page 11 3 A ‘European Deal’ for the Balkan s A regional strategy is required to bring peace to the troubled Balkans region and to pave the way for its integration into Europe, says Carl Bildt. t's time for the inter- exercises to help reduce military spending. Balkan national community military spending is greater than in the rest of Ito adopt a clear-cut, Europe, even though social and economic conditions comprehensive regional in the Balkans are worse than in some of the most strategy to bring peace desperate areas of Russia, Bildt said. and economic prosperi- While his proposal is likely to be unpopular among ty to the Balkans, says current Balkan leaders who benefit from the status Carl Bildt, former quo, the Balkan countries do wish to be seen as “nor- Swedish prime minister mal Europeans” and to be offered “all the possibilities and the international that the process of European integration can bring,” community's high rep- Bildt said. “We should offer them a European deal,” resentative in Bosnia in he said, one that will help them build the structures Carl Bildt 1995-97. The strategy necessary for entry into the European Union. As should include a broad range of military, economic, things are now, no Balkan country is “even close” to and political measures aimed at deterring further war starting the process that might lead to membership in and preparing the countries of the region to join the the EU, he said. At the same time, the proposed European Union (EU), he says. The measures would reforms will help build networks of integration within in no way aim to re-create the former Yugoslavia. the region itself. Bildt discussed the broad strokes of a proposal for The Balkans is a region where problems are bringing long-term peace to southeastern Europe at a numerous and they have to be faced, Bildt concluded. U.S. Institute of Peace current issues briefing on But it is also a region where there are long-term March 16. The Institute was deemed a logical site for important possibilities for the future. “If we do not his speech because of the extensive and important address long-term issues but continue to stay in a work its Balkans initiative has undertaken in the short-term mode, I fear we will have to stay in that region. Executive vice president Harriet Hentges short-term mode for a very long time.” heads the initiative. Before other measures can be implemented in the region, however, NATO needs to recognize that the Peace Watch (ISSN 1080-9864) is published six times a year by the Balkans—southeastern Europe—is the new central United States Institute of Peace, an front for NATO in Europe, Bildt said. No other area independent, nonpartisan federal institution created by Congress to pro- in Europe will require such extensive military force to mote research, education, and training on the peaceful resolution of international conflicts. The views expressed herein do not necessarily deter war. NATO should consolidate its forces in the reflect the views of the Institute or its board of directors. region into a regional command, making it clear to To receive Peace Watch, write to the Editor, Peace Watch, United States Institute of Peace, 1200 17th Street NW, Suite 200, Balkans political and military leaders that NATO Washington, DC 20036-3011. For general information call 202-457- forces will be in the region “for quite some time.” 1700, fax 202-429-6063, e-mail: [email protected], or check our web site: www.usip.org.