voý voý -b)ý D05 THE MOZAMBICAN ** Vol. 2. No. I UNIAO NACIONAL DOS ESTUDANT.S MOCAIviBICANOS**US Section PAGE 1 -=- Index INTdRNATIONAL SECTION 3.--- From Students' Intrrnational CornfF ence in NEi Zealand " Resoution Of Commission On RIC Studies " 5 --- UNO in Australia 7 ---UNEMO and FRELI140 representations at the PASC in Nairobi. 9 --- Ghana's message to the PASM in Nairobi, Kenya. A rPTPTQ TrTA.r --- Gungunyana of Gaza ...... .............. Mark Spain --- Article Of The MonL-j-. ....-7,.lNdmeni --- Mozambique And The Portuguese Supremacy. J.C.Massinga --- American Negro Views Africa .......... Mlle ELO. --- African Poem --- JOLrZA(River Niger) ...................Mlle ELO. --- IT is A Fact --- At Random UNEIO-US Section Internal Affairs --- The Treasurer's note ................ Duarte Ncomo --- Assignment to the Section mambers .... A. Boustcha Kachiputu --- Announcement by the General secretary .. C. Dumangane --- The Second General Assembly of UNEMO-US Section(REPORT) --- A Conference for the Developments At The Front(sep. leaf). 19 21 23 24 25 26 28 29 31 32 37 INTERNATIKNAL SECTION -- UNEMO UNEiiO was represented in both the conferences of international nature that were held this past summer; first, in New Zealand, then, in Australia, and the last, in Nairobi, Kenya. Tiae National President of UNEDO, Joao Nhambiu represented UNEdO in all these conferences. At tkie close of the conference, Joao had tie occasion to visit Dar-es-salaam, where a great many of the Meztmbican student body is found. Nyambiu passes to the section the personal regards from our compatriots in Dar- es-saSlaam. The result of Nharabiu's presence as a representative of UNEIAO overseas can never be overemphasized. UNEMO gained recognition as the sole representative of the minds and aspiration of the Mozambique student body. UNEMO emerged as a recognized student body inernationally, and this is a groat achievement for our organization in the light of what we went through in V e list two years. UNEMO'S recognition :'uts n n end to the old intellectial dispute between UNEMO and UGEAN over legitimate representation of the Mozambique student body. LONG LIVE UNEMO ! -2- RESOLUTION OF COMISSION ON RIC STUDIES (RIC- Research & Information Comission) PORTUGUESE CONTROLLED TRRITO1S IN AFRICA Tle nth International Conference notes: (1) That notwithstanding the 1951 changes in the Constitution of Portugal which incorporated Angola, Cape Verde Islands, Mozambique, Portuguese, San Tome and Principe into so-called "overseas provinces" of Portugal, Portugal's relations to these territories is, in fact, one of colonial exploitation and the territories are defacto colonies of Portugal. 95% to 98% of the inhabitants of these colonies (with the exception of Cape Verde Islands), are not given the status of citizen (whatever its worth in fascist Portugal) and are denied .the most elementary political and human rights. (2) That the majority of the population is subject to a series of administrative juridical controls which combine to produce an efficient police state apparatis for colonial exploitati6n and its oppression. (3) That in all the colonies the state of public health is disastrous, child mortality is extremely high and medical services for the Africans are minimal. (4) That the economic exploitation of the colonies is almost entirely based on the ruthless exploitation of African labour. While Portuguese legislation in principle forbids forced or compulsory labour, these labour laws are widely abused. Some 100,000. Africans in Mozambique and some 450,000 Africans in Angola are held by Goverment and private employers as forced labourers during any of given years. South Africa, too, takes its share of cheap labour from Mozambique and Angola each year. (5) That the so-called 1961 reforms, ending the legal distinction between the political rights of the Africans (indigina status) and others do not in any real way change the previous restrictions on rights of the populations of the territories. (6) That education for Africans in the colonies, at both primary and secondary levels is totally inadequate. (7) That in Angola there has been since 1961 a bloody and ruthless colonial war which has led to the death of tens of thousands of Africans and the forced exile of over 500,00 Angolans. (8) That a ruthless colonial war is also going on in Portuguese Guinea and that the Guinean Nationalist movements now control some 20% of the total territories. (9) That the NATO powers are still providing arms and weapons which are uscd by Portugal to suppress the people of Portuguese Controlled Africa despite the resolution of the United Nations urging all nations to stop supplying such arss -1- (a) The Conference, therefore, strongly condemns the brutal Portuguese Colonial policy which deprives the people of these territories of the most elementary human rights and it pledges full support to the peoples of these territories struggling for their national independence and self-determination. (b) Considering the grave educational situation of the peoples of these territories, the International Student Conference urges COSEC and all National Unions to do everything possible to provide scholarships and facilities for university and high school education for the youth of these territories. (c) The Conference urges full support for the economic boycott of Portugal, recommended by the United Nations General Assembbly. (d) The Conference calls upon the NATO powers in particular the U.S .A, Germany, U.K., and France, to stop supplying military assistance to Portugal. (e) The Conference urges the Portuguese Government to put an end to the ruthless colonial war it is waging in these territories and to negotiate with the nationalist movements representing the peoples of these territories so that they may obtain their independence. (f) The International Student Conference further demands the release of all political prisoners. (g) The Conference mandates COSFC t* bring this resolution to the attention of the United Nations, the Portuguese Goverment and other interested nations. RESOLUTION CARRIED. I-0ThO I A . A general explanation has been given to justify why some Student Organizations or Students as such should or ought to take political actions on all matters that concern the society. It was said that the Student (Organizations) Unions in the developing areas, being a privileged minority in the societies, is in a position to see and understand the various factors that determine the political decisions and actions by the existing governments or the political parties. Therefore, since outside these student groups there are only few, if any at all, other independent organizations capable of giving a fruitful criticism and constructive cooperation, the students are called upon to engage fully in revamping of society and its reorientation. Well, on this point most of us agree. For our particular case, Mr. Chairman, I would like to inform my fellow delegates that our Student Organization came into existence in peculiar circumstances which have molded almost the whole policy of our Organization. Although Academic freedom,theartral events and other normal concerns of the Students do occupy the background of our programs, we are foremost and ultimately dedicated to the destruction of the colonial system which has been dominating our country for a long period, and the formation of a free and democratic society. Hence, our program involves a total commitment by the Students in the struggle against colonialism, neo-colonialism and all its manifestations. Mr. Chairman, in a country where the actions of those who are opposed to the prevailing system must remain anonymous, in a situation where solidarity among all organizations that fight against the system must of necessity establish a framework of cooperation in order that they concerted action may be of any consequence, the Student Orgaization cannot remain aloof or apolitical. When we came into existence three years go, there were more than two political parties working towards liberation of Mozambique. Since all of these parties had no difference in the principle matters, it was possible for our Student Organization to cooperate with all, although unefficiently and with considerable difficulties. We sought to unite them by narrowing the difference that existed between them in the matters of expediency both by devising new programs of actions and also by pointing out to the dificiencies of such a division fo nationalist force. Once FRITLrnO (Mozambique Liberation Front) was formed by the meger of the three major political parties, our cooperation with the Front has been almost over all matters. I have, Mr. Chairman, mentioned some of the reasons why we feel o=a National Union have to cooperate with political party; but there are several other important reasons for our cooperation because the political party, having in mind the building of a future nation and lacking however in necessary staff for the consideration of all the questions that concern a Nation (social reorganization* economic planning, political framing and so on), it need the Students, and the Students feel it is their duty to contribute in these matters. For we conceive our struggle not only as a physical war against the Portuguese divisions in Mozambique, but rather a long struggle involving particularly the distruction of social, economic and political systems that brought about the subjugation of our people and which are not conducive to any appreciable progress. If the Students were to leave the matters of the revolution exclusively to the politican who may sometimes be motivated by other consideration of political power and its influence, thus disregarding the immediate needs of the masses, Students would be a.'complices in the crime against society. We feel that it is a duty of the students to cooperate with the political party, especially if the party is trul y representative of the masses and all progressive forces of the nation, for they can function within the party, as has already been said, as the sensitive an then of a socity and thus prevent the corruption and forgetfulness of the politicians.