Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85226-5 - Mars: An Introduction to its Interior, Surface and Atmosphere Nadine Barlow Index More information Index 2001: A Space Odyssey 13 Aram Chaos 83 Archimedes’ principle 58 aa flows 122, 123 Ares Vallis 12, 83, 87, 151 absolute ages (see absolute chronology) Argyre 41, 118, 157, 159, 162, 164 absolute chronology 104, 109 Arsia Mons 126, 127 accretion 28–9, 36, 185, 189 Ascraeus Mons 126, 127, 135 accretionary heating 31, 42 ash 124, 130, 131 Acidalia 82, 139 aspect ratio 123, 127 adiabatic lapse rate 167, 168, 170, 176, 177, 183 asteroids 26–7, 30, 108, 189, 193 Aeolis 141 asthenosphere 64, 71, 133 aerocentric latitude 52, 53 atmosphere 3, 8, 116, 162, 163–86, 187, 193, 194, aerographic latitude 52, 53 203, 216, 218 Airy-0 53 circulation 178, 181–3 Airy isostacy 58, 59 composition 164 Alba Patera 60, 129, 130, 134, 135, 192 evolution 185–6 albedo 26, 72–3, 74, 98, 156, 157 lower 171, 172, 182 bond 22, 72, 97 middle 171, 172 geometric 22, 73 structure 171–3 Albor Tholus 125, 126 upper 171, 172–3, 218 ALH84001 35, 85, 87, 207–8 Atmospheric Structure Instrument/Meteorology alluvial fans 151, 153, 193 Package (ASI/MET) 12 Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) 14, 81, atmospheric surface pressure 8, 16, 163, 172, 180, 198 88, 92 atomic mass unit 165 Alpha Proton X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) 12, 88 AUGUST 17 Amazonian Period 110, 111, 120, 126, 127, 135, 138, aureole 129 150, 158, 161, 163, 188, 190, 192, 195, 202 aurora 18 Amazonis Planitia 110, 130, 131, 135, 164 Avogadro’s number 168 Ampe`re’s law 67 Amphitrites Patera 126 backward contamination 212 Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms barchan dunes 144, 145 (ASPERA) 18 barometric equation 165 Anderson, E.M. 4 basalt 83, 88, 89, 91, 93, 122, 126, 130 Anderson’s Theory of Faulting 134 Basaltic Achondrite Best Initial (BABI) 34 andesite 83, 88, 89, 93 Basin and Range 134 angle of repose 124, 140 Beagle 2 18, 209, 210 angular momentum 181 Beer, Wilhelm 3, 53 Antarctica 212 Beer’s law 170 Antoniadi, E.M. 3 Biblis Patera 130 aphelion 20 blueberries 91 Apollinaris Patera 126 body waves 63–4 Apollo 10, 30, 48, 109, 215, 219 bolide ratio 110 aquifer 195, 200 Boltzmann’s constant 165 Arabia 85, 130, 148, 164, 194, 202 Bouguer, Pierre 58 257 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85226-5 - Mars: An Introduction to its Interior, Surface and Atmosphere Nadine Barlow Index More information 258 Index Bouguer anomaly 58, 60 convection 40–1, 44, 64, 65–6, 166–9, 170, 172, Bouguer correction 58 177, 183, 184 Brahe, Tycho 2 coordinate systems 52–4 bulk composition 37–9, 219 Copernicus, Nicholaus 1 bulk modulus 63 Coprates Chasma 19, 138 Coracis Fossae 66 caldera 112, 122, 124, 127, 129 core 44, 57, 66, 71 canals 3–5, 203, 216 core formation 37, 39, 42 canali 3 Coriolis force 155, 178, 181, 182 Candor Chasma 138 crater (see impact craters) carbon dioxide (CO2) 8, 15, 151, 153, 154, 157, 163, crater density 47, 104, 156 190–1, 201 crater size–frequency distributions 104–6 carbonate 70, 83, 84, 87, 93, 207, 208 crater statistics 104–10 Cassini, Giovanni 2 creep 141, 156 Centauri Montes 214 crust 70, 71, 95 center of figure (COF) 52, 56 crustal dichotomy (see hemispheric dichotomy) center of mass (COM) 51, 56 crustal thickness 41, 44, 60, 63, 71 central peak 115, 118, 119 cryosphere 200, 201 central pit 118, 119, 200, 202 cryptic region 157 centrifugal potential 57 crystallization age 33–4, 109 Ceraunius Patera 130 cumulative size–frequency distribution 48, 105 Cerberus 131, 199, 200 Curie temperature 68 chalcophile elements 31 channel 3, 9, 147–50, 152, 190, 204, 216 D/H ratio 189–90, 193 Channeled Scablands 150 Dawes, William 3 chaotic terrain 135, 148, 150 debris aprons 158 Chasma Australe 155 Deep Space 2 (DS2) 7, 13 Chasma Boreale 144, 155 Deimos 3, 8, 25–6, 26–7, 197 chassignites 35 deltas 151 chemical remnant magnetization (CRM) 68 dendritic channels 149 chemical weathering 94 density 22, 23, 98, 165 Chryse Planitia 10, 12, 87 density scale height 166 Cimmeria 44, 68, 69, 70 deuterium 185, 189 cinder cones 121, 124 Deuteronilus Mensae 195 cirques 158 dichotomy (see hemispheric dichotomy) Claritas 135 differentiation 31, 36, 64, 185, 193 Clausius-Clapeyron equation 176 diffusion term 67 clathrates 190, 191, 195 dikes 41, 70, 127, 138 climate 183–4, 194, 218 discharge 149, 150 climate change 164, 186, 197–9, 216 distributary fans 151, 152, 193 climate cycles 144, 155, 156 domes (see tholii) clouds 173–7 drill 211, 218 condensate 157, 181 duricrust 95, 100 dust 2 dust 16, 35, 87, 88, 93, 95, 96, 98, 100–1, 130, 141, orographic 175, 176, 184 144, 156, 157, 166, 172, 184 white 2, 175, 176 dust cycle 76, 83, 90, 180 color 73, 75, 94 dust devils 100, 101, 146, 173, 174, 183, 184 Columbia Hills 14, 89, 90, 219 dust storms 8, 9, 15, 88, 93, 100, 126, 157, 164, Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) 212, 173–5, 184 213, 214 Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Eagle Crater 14, 91, 92, 93 Mars (CRISM) 80, 217 Early Heavy Bombardment Period 30 complex craters 114, 115, 118, 119 Eberswalde Crater 152 composite volcano (see stratovolcano) eccentricity (see orbital eccentricity) composition 76–93 EETA 79001 53 compressional faults (see thrust faults) ejecta blanket 114, 115–16, 161 compressional stress 134, 139, 140 continuous 115, 116 condensation flow (see seasonal cycles) discontinuous 115, 116 cones 131 layered 116, 117, 200, 202 contact/compression stage 112 elastic lithosphere 66 conduction 64, 65, 166 elastic material 132 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85226-5 - Mars: An Introduction to its Interior, Surface and Atmosphere Nadine Barlow Index More information Index 259 electrical conductivity 67 glacial activity 158–61, 190, 195, 196, 198, 199, electrostatic charging 101 213, 216 elemental abundances 85 glacier (see glacial activity) Elysium 60, 63, 66, 85, 110, 124, 125, 126, 135, 161, Gould, M. 3 164, 193, 202 graben 129, 130, 134, 135, 139 Elysium Mons 125, 126, 127 Grand Canyon 104 emission coefficient 169 gravitational potential 54–5 emmissivity 98, 157 gravity 22, 54–60, 140, 149 Endurance Crater 93 gravity anomalies 57–60, 61 eolian processes 120, 141–7 Great Escape, The (TGE) 218 Erebus Crater 110 Green, Nathaniel 3 erg 144 greenhouse gases 185, 198 erosion 107, 108, 110, 120, 149, 154, 192 greenhouse warming 98, 163, 164, 172, 185, 195 escape velocity 22, 173 ground ice 150, 202 eskers 158, 159 groundwater 149, 150, 158, 216 equilibrium condensation 29 gullies 151, 153, 158, 190, 191, 199, 213, 214, 216 excavation stage 113–18 Gusev Crater 14, 87, 88, 89, 90, 95, 101, 174, 219 exhumation 193 exobase 173, 186 Hadley cell circulation 178–9, 181, 183, 184 ExoMars 211–12, 218, 256 Hadriaca Patera 126 extensional faults (see normal faults) Hale-Bopp 189 extensional stress 134, 139 half-life 33 extinction coefficient 169 Hall, Asaph 3, 23 extreme ultraviolet 166, 172 Hall, Chloe Angeline Stickney 23 Halley 189 Faraday’s law of inductance 67 haze 173, 174, 176, 183 faults 63, 70, 134, 149 heat flow 41, 64–6, 185, 195, 201, 219 þ ferric iron (Fe3 ) 82, 88 heat flux (see heat flow) ferromagnetism 68 heavy bombardment period 30, 162 þ ferrous iron (Fe2 ) 82 Hecates Tholus 125, 127 first law of thermodynamics 167 Hellas 41, 60, 62, 73, 75, 99, 118, 146, 157, 158, 159, Flammarion, Nicolas 3 162, 164 flattening 22, 23, 51, 57 hematite 83, 91, 126 Flaugergues, Honore´ 2 hemispheric dichotomy 41, 44, 60, 69, 139, 148, 160, flood basalts 121, 122, 124, 127, 140, 193 195, 202 fluvial processes 110, 147–51, 162, 190, 193 Herschel, William 2 fog 173, 174, 183 Hesperia Planum 110 folding 133 Hesperian period 43, 84, 110, 111, 120, 126, 127, 130, forward contamination 212 135, 138, 140, 150, 158, 161, 163, 190, 192, 193, Fourier’s law 65, 166 194, 195, 202 fractional crystallization 43 High-Energy Neutron Detector (HEND) 79, 201 free air anomaly 58 High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment fretted channels 149, 160 (HiRISE) 156, 217 fretted terrain 148, 160 High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) 18, 19, 24, friction speed 143 123, 127, 131, 159, 198, 217 frost outlier 157 Holden Crater 152 Hooke’s law 132 Galileo 2, 110 horst 134 Galle Crater 152 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) 5, 76, 82, 153, Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) 13, 79–81, 85, 86, 175, 184 158, 164, 187, 191, 201, 210 Hugoniot equations 112, 113 Ganges Chasma 83, 138 human missions 219 Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) Huygens, Christiaan 2 206, 211 Hyakutake 189 gas constant 168 hydraulic radius 149 Gas Exchange (GEx) experiment 205, 206 hydrologic cycle 195 geochronology 32–4, 104 hydrostatic equilibrium, equation of 165 geoid 57, 60, 165 hydrothermal activity 41, 150, 204, 209, 214 geologic history 161–3 Geophysics / Environment Package (GEP) 212, 218 ice (see water) geothermal flux 200, 219 ice stability 202 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85226-5 - Mars: An Introduction to its Interior, Surface and Atmosphere Nadine Barlow Index More information 260 Index ideal gas law 165 Lunar Crater Chronology (LCC) 48, 109 igneous rocks 102, 103 Lunar Receiving Laboratory 215 ignimbrites 124 Lyot Crater 119, 160 Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) 12 impact craters 60, 110–20, 139, 150, 161, 185, 192, Ma’adim Valles 89 193, 202, 204, 214 maars 120 impact creep 141, 143, 149 magma ocean 42–3, 64 impact erosion 186, 193 magnetic field 8, 16, 41–2, 66–70, 185, 203 inclination (see orbital inclination) magnetic diffusivity 67 induction equation 67 magnetic