Spectrum of desktop flavours Stand alone X terminals diskless client PC client system "standard" PC "standard" PC simple HW standard computer running UNIX (Linux) running UNIX (Linux) running an X-server running UNIX (Linux), some SW is stored all SW is stored local SW is on fileserver local User and server User processes run User processes run User processes run processes run on another UNIX server on the client on the client on this system light weight heavy weight 7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 1of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux DesktopSpectrum.eps - IST - SWA - AmE Users, Desktops and Servers user user user user user user desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop printer printer infrastructure server server server server server 7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 2of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux UserClientServer.eps - IST - SWA - AmE User visible entities and enabling software User visible entities The invisible Software tool tool process process tool tool window manager tool infra- console session structure daemons virtual virtual daemons console virtual console console desktop machine kernel 7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 3of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux client.eps - IST - SWA - AmE The Map of Linux Country news- file- applications terminal browser reader manager desktop or window- KDE GNOME LessTif services manager (Motif) another apache samba -step toolkit QT GTK LessTif libraries windowing X Windows NFS/ NIS Linux daemons UNIX utilities font- port- BASH RPC shell (ls, ps, grep, ...) server mapper flush pio swap log kernel daemons virtual filesystem sockets kernel module ISO TCP UDP manage- ext2fs FAT32 NFS? 9660 ment IP memory process manage- scheduler commu- driver ment nication frame IDE SCSI HW buffer local network CPU Memory Monitor disk interface 7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 4of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux layers.eps - IST - SWA - AmE Typical Linux file hierarchy / /boot /etc /bin /sbin /lib /tmp /var /usr /home boot data configuration executables executables shared temporary spool files shaerable user data data for system libraries files log files read only administration (e.g. programs includefiles for a basic system, ie to be able documentation) to run in single user mode /etc /bin /sbin /lib /X11R6 /share /dict /local /include /man /src /doc site wide executables sysadmin X-Windows architecture spell site /info sources configuration executables independent checkspecific? data data data should reside under /share according HFS /bin /lib /include 7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 5of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux FileHierarchy.eps - IST - SWA - AmE File hierarchy allocation Minimal PC Server shareable, system required for shareable specific booting /bin /etc "static" /sbin /usr /boot /lib /var/mail /var/run variable /var/log /var/spool /var/lock /home 7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 6of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux FileHierarchyMatrix.eps - IST - SWA - AmE Typical Linux Startup Sequence OS independent BIOS Boot Boot general purpose LILO Boot manager initialize kernel Kernel Boot detect hardware Init /etc/inittab SysInit /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit intialize system log pnp path mount /, /proc hostname sound keymap raid systemfont mount all fs except nfs swap cleanup files, sockets, locks domain set system clock fsck define preferrered X manager quota RC5 /etc/rc.d/rc5.d start services kill: start: usersd, rstatd, whod network smb portmap routed ypbind RC local /etc/rc.d/rc.local netfs random Login /etc/profile syslog start session at, cron /home/<user>/ .Xdefaults inet lpd nfs keytable /home/<user>/ .bashrc sendmail qpm Start /etc/bashrc fontserver start process application 7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 7of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux startup.eps - IST - SWA - AmE Layering of Network Addressing domain name Human quark.physics.groucho.edu hostname resolution (DNS) IP address runtime 149.76.12.4 RARP ARP Reverse Address name Address name Resolution Resolution Protocol Protocol ethernet address HW 0x954C0C04 7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 8of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux NetworkAddressNames.eps - IST - SWA - AmE.