Spectrum of desktop flavours
Stand alone X terminals diskless client PC client system "standard" PC "standard" PC simple HW standard computer running UNIX (Linux) running UNIX (Linux) running an X-server running UNIX (Linux), some SW is stored all SW is stored local SW is on fileserver local User and server User processes run User processes run User processes run processes run on another UNIX server on the client on the client on this system
light weight heavy weight
7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 1of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux DesktopSpectrum.eps - IST - SWA - AmE Users, Desktops and Servers
user user user user user user
desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop
printer printer infrastructure
server server server server server
7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 2of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux UserClientServer.eps - IST - SWA - AmE User visible entities and enabling software
User visible entities The invisible Software
tool tool process process
tool tool window manager
tool infra- console structure session daemons virtual virtual daemons console virtual console console
desktop machine kernel
7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 3of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux client.eps - IST - SWA - AmE The Map of Linux Country
news- file- applications terminal browser reader manager
desktop or window- KDE GNOME LessTif services manager (Motif) another apache samba -step toolkit QT GTK LessTif libraries
windowing X Windows NFS/ NIS Linux daemons UNIX utilities font- port- BASH RPC shell (ls, ps, grep, ...) server mapper
flush pio swap log kernel daemons
virtual filesystem sockets
kernel module ISO TCP UDP manage- ext2fs FAT32 NFS? 9660 ment IP
memory process manage- scheduler commu- driver ment nication
frame IDE SCSI HW buffer
local network CPU Memory Monitor disk interface
7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 4of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux layers.eps - IST - SWA - AmE Typical Linux file hierarchy
/
/boot /etc /bin /sbin /lib /tmp /var /usr /home
boot data configuration executables executables shared temporary spool files shaerable user data data for system libraries files log files read only administration (e.g. programs includefiles for a basic system, ie to be able documentation) to run in single user mode
/X11R6 /etc /bin /sbin /lib /share /dict /local /include / man /src /doc X-Windows site wide executables sysadmin architecture spell site /info sources configuration executables independent check specific? data data data should reside under /share according HFS /bin /lib /include
7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 5of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux FileHierarchy.eps - IST - SWA - AmE File hierarchy allocation
Minimal PC Server
shareable, system required for shareable specific booting
/bin /etc "static" /sbin /usr /boot /lib
/var/mail /var/run variable /var/log /var/spool /var/lock /home
7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 6of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux FileHierarchyMatrix.eps - IST - SWA - AmE Typical Linux Startup Sequence
OS independent BIOS Boot Boot
LILO general purpose Boot manager
Kernel Boot initialize kernel detect hardware
Init /etc/ inittab SysInit /etc/rc.d/ rc.sysinit intialize system log pnp path mount /, /proc hostname sound keymap raid systemfont mount all fs except nfs swap cleanup files, sockets, locks domain set system clock fsck define preferrered X manager quota
RC5 /etc/rc.d/ rc5.d start services
kill: start: usersd, rstatd, whod network smb portmap routed ypbind Login RC local /etc/rc.d/ rc.local netfs random /etc/ profile syslog start session at, cron /home/
7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 7of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux startup.eps - IST - SWA - AmE Layering of Network Addressing
domain name quark.physics.groucho.edu Human
hostname resolution (DNS)
IP address 149.76.12.4 runtime
RARP ARP Reverse Address name Address name Resolution Resolution Protocol Protocol ethernet address 0x954C0C04 HW
7th October 1999 Gerrit Muller 8of8 version: 0 Research A Visual Introduction to Linux NetworkAddressNames.eps - IST - SWA - AmE