Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English-language Translation Barbora Šidlová Compiling a Bilingual Glossary of Terminology Related to Singing Master’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: PhDr. Jarmila Fictumová 2017 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Author’s signature Acknowledgement I would like to thank my supervisor PhDr. Jarmila Fictumová for her enormous dedication, patience, support and her kind words. I would also like to thank my friends and family for their words of encouragement. Table of contents List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 1. Specialized languages ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 LGP versus LSP .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1.1 LSP users ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1.2 Levels of LSP communication ............................................................................................................................... 11 2. Terms ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12 2.1 Terms versus words ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Features and aspects of terms ........................................................................................................................................ 15 2.3 Concepts ........................................................................................................................................................................ 16 3. Terminology .................................................................................................................................................................. 18 3.1 Defining terminology .................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.2 History of terminology as a discipline ........................................................................................................................... 20 3.3 Terminology versus lexicology ..................................................................................................................................... 22 3.4 Terminography versus lexicography.............................................................................................................................. 23 4. Terminology management ........................................................................................................................................... 25 4.1 Terminology standardization ......................................................................................................................................... 28 5. Terminology related to singing .................................................................................................................................... 30 5.1 Describing the subject field ........................................................................................................................................... 30 5.2 Specifics of terminology related to singing ................................................................................................................... 34 5.3 Singing environment in the English-speaking world ..................................................................................................... 35 5.4 Singing environment in the Czech Republic.................................................................................................................. 37 6. Compiling the glossary ................................................................................................................................................. 39 6.1 Sources for the glossary ................................................................................................................................................. 40 6.1.1 Sources in English ................................................................................................................................................. 40 6.1.2 Sources in Czech .................................................................................................................................................... 45 6.2 Criteria for inclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 47 6.3 Organization of the glossary .......................................................................................................................................... 49 7. Translation of terminology related to singing ............................................................................................................ 51 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................................... 54 References ............................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Primary sources ................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Secondary sources ............................................................................................................................................................... 60 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................................... 63 Anotace .................................................................................................................................................................................... 64 Appendix: Glossary 4 List of abbreviations CAT Computer-assisted translation CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization GDT Le Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique IATE InterActive Terminology for Europe IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IMC International Music Council ISO International Organization for Standardization ISO/TC 37 Technical committee 37 of the International Organization for Standardization JAMU Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts LGP Language for general purposes LSP Language for specific purposes PC Personal computer UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNTerm United Nations’ Multilingual Terminology Database WWW World Wide Web 5 Introduction Even though music pervades many fields of human activity, it has not generated much interest in linguistics. The reason for this fact might perhaps be that not only is the terminology related to music for the most part highly specialized, but it also often builds upon old practices. While new terminology emerges every now and then, it still does not leave much room for the fast development which would be interesting to observe. Whatever the reasons may be, this tendency has motivated the author of this thesis to make a (albeit small) contribution towards the treatment of music in linguistics. This contribution should, more specifically, be a bilingual glossary of terminology related to singing. It is however necessary to point out that the glossary is merely an output of this thesis and not its ultimate aim, which is actually to explain the process behind compiling a glossary of this kind. As singing refers to a very broad range of concepts, the thesis has narrowed down its area of interest to terminology that would introduce basic singing techniques and other necessary terms to aspiring uninitiated singers. Glossaries in music seem to be a rare endeavour, especially when it comes to the bilingual ones. This is true especially of the English-Czech language pair, where a few dictionaries do exist, but they usually refer to music in general and very rarely do they focus on its subfields. Even though the terminology of specific subfields of music might not be very common, the author still believes glossaries of any kind serve as a very helpful tool for two types of people. First, it is those who simply want to learn about a given field in terms of its terminology and concepts in hopes of one day becoming experts, which reflects the decision behind the included terms in the output of this thesis. The second group, which is of main interest to the thesis itself, are translators who are often faced with unfamiliar terminology in their work and lack the resources which would