1 The United Republic of Tanzania National Sample Census of Agriculture 2019/20 National Report August, 2021 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... vii Definition of Key Terms .............................................................................................................. viii PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... xii 1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background Information ................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Census Objectives ............................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Census Scope and Coverage ............................................................................................. 2 1.5 Census Methodology ........................................................................................................ 4 1.5.1 Sample Design .................................................................................................................. 4 1.5.2 Sample Size ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Census Organization ......................................................................................................... 5 2.0 DEMOGRAPHICS ........................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Agricultural Households ................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Types of Agricultural Activities of the Households ......................................................... 7 2.3 Agricultural Household Characteristics ............................................................................ 8 2.4 Number and Size of Agricultural Households ................................................................ 10 2.5 Literacy and Education of Agricultural Population ........................................................ 11 2.6 Education Status ............................................................................................................. 13 2.7 Main Household Activity ............................................................................................... 14 2.8 Land Use ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.8.1 Area of Land Utilized ..................................................................................................... 16 2.8.2 Land Use Sufficiency ..................................................................................................... 16 2.8.3 Land Use Patterns ........................................................................................................... 18 3.0 CROPS RESULTS ......................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Crop Production .............................................................................................................. 21 3.2.1 Cereals Crop Production ................................................................................................. 21 3.2.2 Roots and Tuber Crops Production ................................................................................. 36 3.2.2.1 Cassava ........................................................................................................................... 39 3.2.2.2 Sweet Potatoes ................................................................................................................ 42 3.1.4 Pulses .............................................................................................................................. 49 i 3.1.5 Oil Seeds and Nuts Crops ............................................................................................... 60 3.1.6 Fruits and Vegetables ..................................................................................................... 69 3.1.7 Cash Crops ...................................................................................................................... 88 3.3 Agro-Processing ............................................................................................................. 97 3.3.1 Households Involved in Agro-processing ...................................................................... 97 3.3.2 Quantity of Major Crop Products ................................................................................... 98 3.3.3 Major Outlets for Selling Agro-processed Products ....................................................... 99 3.3.3 Main Type of Packaging Material ................................................................................ 100 3.4 Irrigation ....................................................................................................................... 101 3.4.1 Area Planted under Irrigation ....................................................................................... 102 3.4.2 Main Crops Irrigated ..................................................................................................... 102 3.5 Input Use ....................................................................................................................... 107 3.5.1 Use of Improved Seeds ................................................................................................. 107 3.5.2 Fertilizer Use ................................................................................................................ 109 3.5.3 Use of Pesticides ........................................................................................................... 111 3.6 Access to Farm Inputs .................................................................................................. 113 3.6.1 Compost Manure .......................................................................................................... 114 3.6.2 Farmyard Manure ......................................................................................................... 115 3.6.3 Inorganic Fertilizer ....................................................................................................... 116 3.6.4 Improved seeds ............................................................................................................. 119 3.6.5 Insecticide/ Fungicides ................................................................................................. 121 3.7 Crop Extension Services ............................................................................................... 124 3.7.1 Access to Crop Extension Services .............................................................................. 125 3.7.2 Source of Extension Services ....................................................................................... 126 3.7.4 Extension Message Practices ........................................................................................ 127 3.8 Agriculture Mechanization ........................................................................................... 128 3.8.1 On Farm Investments .................................................................................................... 128 3.8.2 Use of Tractors and Draft Animals ............................................................................... 131 3.9: Crop Marketing ............................................................................................................. 132 3.9.1 Crop commercialization ................................................................................................ 132 3.9.2 Main Marketing Challenges ......................................................................................... 134 4.0 LIVESTOCK, FISH FARMING AND BEEKEEPING RESULTS ............................ 135 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 135 4.2 Livestock Population .................................................................................................... 135 ii 4.2.1 Cattle Population .......................................................................................................... 136 4.2.2 Goat Population ............................................................................................................ 140 4.2.3 Sheep Population .......................................................................................................... 144 4.2.4 Pig Population ............................................................................................................... 146 4.2.5 Chicken Population ...................................................................................................... 148 4.2.6 Other Poultry ...............................................................................................................