Case 1:19-cv-00078-CCB Document 12 Filed 04/08/19 Page 1 of 33 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND * SAQIB ALI, * Plaintiff, * v. No. 1:19-CV-00078-CCB * LAWRENCE HOGAN, et al., * Defendants. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * GOVERNOR HOGAN’S REPLY IN SUPPORT OF MOTION TO DISMISS BRIAN E. FROSH Attorney General of Maryland ADAM D. SNYDER Assistant Attorney General Bar No. 25723 200 Saint Paul Place, 20th Floor Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (410) 576-6398 (410) 576-6955 (fax) [email protected] Attorneys for Defendant Lawrence Hogan, Governor of Maryland Case 1:19-cv-00078-CCB Document 12 Filed 04/08/19 Page 2 of 33 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 I. MR. ALI LACKS STANDING TO CHALLENGE THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE EXECUTIVE ORDER BECAUSE HE HAS NOT SUFFERED A CONCRETE INJURY THAT CAN BE REDRESSED BY THE RELIEF HE SEEKS.............................................. 2 II. THE GOVERNOR LACKS THE “SPECIAL RELATION” TO ENFORCEMENT OF THE EXECUTIVE ORDER REQUIRED FOR THIS COURT’S SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION UNDER EX PARTE YOUNG. .................................................................. 8 III. THE EXECUTIVE ORDER DOES NOT VIOLATE THE FIRST AMENDMENT. ................ 10 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 19 ii Case 1:19-cv-00078-CCB Document 12 Filed 04/08/19 Page 3 of 33 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page Cases AFSCME Council 79 v. Scott, 278 F.R.D. 664 (S.D. Fla. 2011) ......................................... 9 Agency for Int’l Dev. v. Alliance for Open Soc’y Int’l, Inc., 570 U.S. 203 (2013) .................................................................................................... 18 Allied Tube & Conduit Corp. v. Indian Head, Inc., 486 U.S. 492 (1988) ........................ 11 American Muslims for Palestine v. Arizona State Univ., No. CV-18-00670 -PHX-DWL, 2018 WL 6250474 (D. Ariz. Nov. 29, 2018) ........................................... 6 Arkansas Times LP v. Waldrip, No. 4:18-CV-00914 BSM, 2019 WL 580669 (E.D. Ark., Jan. 23, 2019) ........................................................... 8, 11 Ayes v. U.S. Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 473 F.3d 104 (4th Cir. 2006) ................................ 5 Babbitt v. Farm Workers, 442 U.S. 289 (1979) .................................................................. 6 Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962) .................................................................................... 7 Board of Ancient Order of Hibernians v. Dinkins, 814 F. Supp. 358 (S.D.N.Y. 1993) ............................................................................... 15 Board of County Commissioners, Wabaunsee County, Kan. v. Umbehr, 518 U.S. 668 (1996) ............................................................................................... 16, 17 Burson v. Freeman, 504 U.S. 191 (1992) .......................................................................... 14 Burt v. Gates, 502 F.3d 183 (2d Cir. 2007) ....................................................................... 11 Connor B. ex rel. Vigurs v. Patrick, 771 F. Supp. 2d 142 (D. Mass. 2011) ........................ 9 D.G. Restaurant Corp. v. City of Myrtle Beach, 953 F.2d 140 (4th Cir. 1991) ................ 15 Duke Energy Trading & Marketing, L.L.C. v. Davis, 267 F.3d 1042 (9th Cir. 2001) ....................................................................................... 9 Equal Employment Opportunity Comm’n v. Baltimore County, 904 F.3d 330 (4th Cir. 2018) ......................................................................................... 5 Eriline Co. S.A. v. Johnson, 440 F.3d 648 (4th Cir. 2006) ................................................ 17 iii Case 1:19-cv-00078-CCB Document 12 Filed 04/08/19 Page 4 of 33 Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123 (1908) ........................................................................ passim Harp Advert. Illinois, Inc. v. Village of Chicago Ridge, Ill., 9 F.3d 1290 (7th Cir. 1993) ........................................................................................... 3 Hishon v. King & Spalding, 467 U.S. 69 (1984) ............................................................... 16 Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project, 561 U.S. 1 (2010) ................................................... 6 Image Carrier Corp. v. Beane, 567 F.2d 1197 (2d Cir. 1977) ............................................ 6 Injured Workers’ Ins. Fund v. Orient Exp. Delivery Serv., Inc., 190 Md. App. 438 (2010)............................................................................................... 4 International Longshoremen Ass’n, AFL-CIO v. Allied Int’l, Inc., 456 U.S. 212 (1982) ..................................................................................................... 12 Invisible Empire of the KKK v. Thurmont, 700 F. Supp. 281 (D. Md. 1988) ................... 15 Jews for Jesus, Inc. v. Jewish Community Relations Council of New York, Inc., 968 F.2d 286 (2d Cir. 1992) ......................................................................................... 12 Jordahl v. Brnovich, 336 F. Supp. 3d 1016 (D. Ariz. 2018) ..................................... 7, 8, 11 Koontz v. Watson, 283 F. Supp. 3d 1007 (D. Kan. 2018) ............................................. 7, 11 LeClerc v. Webb, 419 F.3d 405 (5th Cir. 2005) .................................................................. 6 Los Angeles Police Dep’t v. United Reporting Pub. Corp., 528 U.S. 32 (1999) .............. 19 Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992) .......................................................... 3 Madsen v. Boise State Univ., 976 F.2d 1219 (9th Cir. 1992) .............................................. 7 McClintock v. Eichelberger, 169 F.3d 812 (3d Cir. 1999) ................................................ 16 McCullen v. Coakley, 573 U.S. 464 (2014) ............................................................. 2, 13, 14 Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, 418 U.S. 241 (1974) ....................................... 18 Mobil Oil Corp. v. Attorney Gen. of Com. of Virginia, 940 F.2d 73 (4th Cir. 1991) ......................................................................................... 10 NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 886 (1982) .................................. 10, 11, 12 Norwood v. Harrison, 413 U.S. 455 (1973) ...................................................................... 12 iv Case 1:19-cv-00078-CCB Document 12 Filed 04/08/19 Page 5 of 33 Pacific Gas & Elec. Co. v. Public Util. Comm’n of Cal., 475 U.S. 1 (1986) ................... 18 Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S. 265 (1986) ............................................................................ 10 Pickering v. Board of Ed. of Township High School Dist. 205, Will County, 391 U.S. 563 (1968) ..................................................................................................... 17 Reeves v. Stake, 447 U.S. 429 (1980) ................................................................................ 17 Renne v. Geary, 501 U.S. 312 (1991) .................................................................................. 3 Roberts v. U.S. Jaycees, 468 U.S. 609 (1984) ......................................................... 1, 12, 16 Rumsfeld v. FAIR, 547 U.S. 47 (2006) .................................................................. 11, 12, 18 Runyon v. McCrary, 427 U.S. 160 (1976) ......................................................................... 16 Trinity Outdoor, L.L.C. v. City of Rockville, Maryland, No. CIV. JFM-03-2372, 2004 WL 78054 (D. Md. Jan. 15, 2004) ................................ 4 Trinity Outdoor, L.L.C. v. City of Rockville, MD, 123 F. App’x 101 (4th Cir. 2005) .................................................................................. 4 United States v. O’Brien, 31 U.S. 367 (1968) ................................................................... 15 Virginia v. American Booksellers Ass’n, Inc., 484 U.S. 383 (1988) ................................. 10 Wachtler v. County of Herkimer, 35 F.3d 77 (2d Cir. 1994) ............................................. 17 Waste Management Holdings, Inc. v. Gilmore, 252 F.3d 316 (4th Cir. 2001) ............... 8, 9 West Va. Bd. of Ed. v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943) ...................................................... 18 Wisconsin v. Mitchell, 508 U.S. 476 (1993) ...................................................................... 16 Wooley v. Maynard, 430 U.S. 7057 (1977) ....................................................................... 18 Wright v. North Carolina, 787 F.3d 256 (4th Cir. 2015) .................................................... 8 Constitutional Provisions U.S. Const. amend. I ................................................................................................... passim v Case 1:19-cv-00078-CCB Document 12 Filed 04/08/19 Page 6 of 33 Statutes 50 U.S.C. § 4842(a)(1) ...................................................................................................... 13 Md. Code Ann., State Fin. & Proc. § 19-101(a) .................................................................. 1 Md. Code Ann., State Fin. & Proc. § 19-103 ...................................................................... 2 Md. Code Ann., State Fin. & Proc. § 19-107(a) ................................................................ 10 vi Case 1:19-cv-00078-CCB Document 12 Filed 04/08/19 Page